Understanding the Living Conditions of Chinese Urban Neighborhoods through Social Infrastructure Configurations: The Case Study of Tianjin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Living Demands and Social Infrastructure Developments in Urban China
2.1. Education
2.2. Healthcare
2.3. Leisure
2.4. Culture
2.5. Entertainment
2.6. Transportation
3. Living Condition Analysis at the Neighborhood Level
3.1. Social Infrastructure Configuration within the Neighborhood
3.2. Accessibility Measurement for Living Condition Analysis
4. Case Study of Tianjin
- Education facilities: public kindergarten, private kindergarten, key primary school, primary school, key middle school, middle school, high school, technical school (see Figure 1a);
- Health facilities: large general hospital, general hospital, specialized hospital, community clinic (see Figure 1b);
- Leisure facilities: grand park, small park, activity center, gym (see Figure 1c);
- Cultural facilities: library, museum, attraction place, religious site (see Figure 1d);
- Entertainment facilities: cinema, theatre, shopping mall (see Figure 1e);
- Commuting facilities: bus stop, subway station (see Figure 1f).
4.1. Statistical Analysis and Pattern Recognition
4.2. Spatial Analysis and Layout Exploration
4.3. Comparative Studies
4.3.1. Comparison among Different Types of Residential Communities
4.3.2. Comparison among Different Administrative Districts
4.3.3. Comparison among Different Urban Zones
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | |
a | 1.00 | −0.01 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.21 | 0.26 | −0.09 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.27 | −0.13 | 0.13 | 0.21 | −0.06 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.26 | −0.01 | 0.35 |
b | −0.01 | 1.00 | -0.13 | 0.1 | −0.11 | −0.1 | −0.15 | −0.07 | 0.09 | 0.16 | −0.16 | 0.27 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.14 | −0.12 | −0.16 | −0.08 | 0.14 | −0.01 | −0.18 | −0.1 | 0.10 | −0.05 |
c | 0.42 | −0.13 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.83 | 0.59 | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.60 | 0.29 | −0.01 | 0.47 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.49 | −0.09 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 0.54 |
d | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 1.00 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.22 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.18 | −0.15 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.11 | −0.01 | 0.27 |
e | 0.46 | −0.11 | 0.83 | 0.34 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 0.38 | 0.25 | −0.03 | 0.26 | 0.61 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.46 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.42 | −0.07 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.23 | 0.46 |
f | 0.53 | −0.10 | 0.59 | 0.36 | 0.58 | 1.00 | 0.16 | 0.17 | −0.03 | 0.17 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.33 | −0.08 | 0.52 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.52 | 0.15 | 0.46 |
g | 0.21 | −0.15 | 0.43 | 0.15 | 0.38 | 0.16 | 1.00 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.08 | −0.02 | 0.09 | 0.22 | −0.05 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.04 | −0.06 | 0.22 |
h | 0.26 | −0.07 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.07 | -0.02 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.28 |
i | −0.09 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.11 | −0.03 | −0.03 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.14 | −0.08 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.06 | −0.15 | 0.14 | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.17 | 0.04 | 0.10 |
j | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.18 | −0.09 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.19 | −0.08 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.23 |
k | 0.27 | −0.16 | 0.60 | 0.32 | 0.61 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.33 | 1.00 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.51 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.45 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.42 |
l | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.49 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 1.00 | −0.14 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.29 | −0.17 | 0.03 | 0.33 | −0.03 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.33 |
m | 0.12 | 0.08 | −0.01 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.13 | −0.08 | −0.09 | 0.03 | −0.14 | 1.00 | 0.08 | −0.14 | 0.17 | −0.14 | −0.01 | 0.07 | −0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
n | 0.27 | 0.03 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.40 | −0.05 | 0.59 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.48 | 0.24 | 0.56 |
o | −0.13 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.05 | −0.02 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.21 | −0.14 | 0.28 | 1.00 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.18 |
p | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 1.00 | 0.23 | −0.08 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.20 |
q | 0.21 | −0.12 | 0.49 | 0.18 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.51 | 0.29 | −0.14 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.17 | 0.27 |
r | −0.06 | 0.16 | −0.09 | −0.15 | −0.07 | −0.08 | −0.05 | 0.12 | 0.06 | −0.08 | 0.03 | −0.17 | −0.01 | −0.05 | 0.023 | −0.08 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.04 | −0.07 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.08 | −0.10 | 0.00 |
s | 0.28 | −0.08 | 0.51 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.07 | −0.15 | 0.10 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.59 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.04 | 1.00 | 0.49 | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.24 | 0.59 |
t | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.53 | 0.11 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.33 | −0.11 | 0.47 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.30 | −0.07 | 0.49 | 1.00 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.44 |
u | 0.10 | −0.01 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.13 | −0.04 | 0.13 | 0.30 | −0.03 | 0.10 | 0.48 | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.68 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.70 | 0.63 | 0.32 | 0.54 |
v | 0.15 | −0.18 | 0.48 | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.43 | 0.13 | 0.16 | −0.04 | 0.13 | 0.45 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.53 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.26 | 0.71 | 0.34 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.70 | 0.26 | 0.59 |
w | 0.26 | −0.10 | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.04 | 0.14 | −0.17 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.70 | 0.33 | 0.63 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.19 | 0.50 |
x | −0.01 | 0.10 | 0.25 | −0.01 | 0.23 | 0.15 | −0.06 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 0.17 | −0.10 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 1.00 | 0.33 |
y | 0.35 | −0.05 | 0.54 | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.56 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.59 | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.59 | 0.50 | 0.33 | 1.00 |
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Sun, X.; Wang, W.; Sun, T.; Wang, Y.P. Understanding the Living Conditions of Chinese Urban Neighborhoods through Social Infrastructure Configurations: The Case Study of Tianjin. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093243
Sun X, Wang W, Sun T, Wang YP. Understanding the Living Conditions of Chinese Urban Neighborhoods through Social Infrastructure Configurations: The Case Study of Tianjin. Sustainability. 2018; 10(9):3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093243
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Xuan, Weikai Wang, Tao Sun, and Ya Ping Wang. 2018. "Understanding the Living Conditions of Chinese Urban Neighborhoods through Social Infrastructure Configurations: The Case Study of Tianjin" Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093243