Stepping Outside the Self Promotes Pro-Environmental Behaviors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Framework
2.1. Self-Perspective, Self-Regulation, and PEBs
2.2. Self-Perspective and Attitude
2.3. Attitude and Behavior
2.4. Self-Perspectives and Perceived Control Situations
3. Data and Methods
3.1. Data Collection
3.2. Measurement
4. Results and Discussions
4.1. Sample Characteristics
4.2. Measurement Model
4.3. Hypothesis Test
4.3.1. Comparison between Different Self-Perspectives
4.3.2. The Influence of Self-Perspectives on PEBs
4.3.3. Moderation Test
4.4. Discussion of Results
5. Conclusions
5.1. Theoretical Contribution
5.2. Implications for Practice
5.3. Limitations and Implications for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Value | Self-Immersed Perspective | Self-Distanced Perspective | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | ||
Gender | Male | 128 | 62.1% | 112 | 55.2% |
Female | 78 | 37.9% | 91 | 44.8% | |
Age | 18–24 | 24 | 11.7% | 20 | 9.9% |
25–29 | 55 | 26.7% | 46 | 22.7% | |
30–39 | 71 | 34.5% | 70 | 34.5% | |
40–49 | 26 | 12.6% | 37 | 18.2% | |
50–59 | 16 | 7.8% | 20 | 9.9% | |
60 and over | 14 | 6.8% | 10 | 4.9% | |
Socioeconomic Status | Lower class | 26 | 12.6% | 33 | 16.3% |
Low-middle class | 59 | 28.6% | 54 | 26.6% | |
Middle class | 95 | 46.1% | 90 | 44.3% | |
Upper-middle class | 24 | 11.7% | 26 | 12.8% | |
Upper class | 2 | 1.0% | 0 | 0% |
Variables | Self-Immersed Perspective | Self-Distanced Perspective | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Composite Reliability | Cronbach’s Alpha | Average Variance Extracted | Composite Reliability | Cronbach’s Alpha | Average Variance Extracted | |
Importance | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.59 |
Cost | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.52 |
Satisfaction | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.56 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.64 |
PBC | 0.75 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 0.62 | 0.57 |
PEBs | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.66 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.60 |
Variables | Mean | SD | Importance | Cost | Satisfaction | PBC | PEBs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Importance | 11.58 | 4.71 | 0.87 | ||||
(less) Cost | 13.64 1 | 2.83 | 0.38 ** | 0.76 | |||
Satisfaction | 15.44 | 3.65 | 0.23 ** | 0.18 ** | 0.75 | ||
PBC | 16.61 | 3.20 | 0.25 ** | 0.31 ** | 0.25 ** | 0.80 | |
PEBs | 10.48 | 4.88 | 0.67 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.22 ** | 0.21 ** | 0.81 |
Variables | Mean | SD | Importance | Cost | Satisfaction | PBC | PEBs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Importance | 12.83 | 4.18 | 0.77 | ||||
(less) Cost | 14.72 1 | 2.88 | 0.25 ** | 0.72 | |||
Satisfaction | 15.18 | 4.10 | 0.03 | 0.21 ** | 0.80 | ||
PBC | 16.15 | 3.47 | 0.08 | 0.28 ** | 0.42 ** | 0.75 | |
PEBs | 11.59 | 4.80 | 0.44 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.55 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.77 |
Independent Variables | Dependent Variables | β Coefficients | Standard Error | t Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Self-perspective | Importance | 0.168 (**) | 0.030 | 5.569 |
Self-perspective | Cost | 0.212 (**) | 0.027 | 7.776 |
Self-perspective | PEBs | 0.038 (n.s.) | 0.025 | 1.519 |
Importance | PEBs | 0.470 (**) | 0.024 | 19.893 |
Cost | PEBs | 0.120 (**) | 0.028 | 4.347 |
PBC | Importance | 0.165 (**) | 0.037 | 4.469 |
PBC | Cost | 0.266 (**) | 0.032 | 8.193 |
PBC | PEBs | 0.119 (**) | 0.027 | 4.335 |
Satisfaction | Importance | 0.108 (**) | 0.033 | 3.247 |
Satisfaction | Cost | 0.131 (**) | 0.034 | 3.884 |
Satisfaction | PEBs | 0.273 (**) | 0.024 | 11.385 |
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Hou, C.; Sarigöllü, E.; Jo, M.-S.; Liang, D. Stepping Outside the Self Promotes Pro-Environmental Behaviors. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3128. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093128
Hou C, Sarigöllü E, Jo M-S, Liang D. Stepping Outside the Self Promotes Pro-Environmental Behaviors. Sustainability. 2018; 10(9):3128. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093128
Chicago/Turabian StyleHou, Chenxuan, Emine Sarigöllü, Myung-Soo Jo, and Dapeng Liang. 2018. "Stepping Outside the Self Promotes Pro-Environmental Behaviors" Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3128. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093128