Pediatric Reports

291 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Fulminant Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis due to Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Case Report and Review of the Literature

by Carlos Aldana-Valenzuela, Andrea Marina Rodriguez-López and Erika Guillén-Blancas

Pediatr. Rep. 2019, 11(1), 7953; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2019.7953 - 27 Mar 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 795

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rare cause of neonatal sepsis, and it is associated with significant morbidity and a very high fatality rate. The infection is usually acquired intrapartum, from the colonization of the maternal genital tract. Most affected neonates have an early-onset presentation [...] Read more.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rare cause of neonatal sepsis, and it is associated with significant morbidity and a very high fatality rate. The infection is usually acquired intrapartum, from the colonization of the maternal genital tract. Most affected neonates have an early-onset presentation of symptoms, usually within the first 48 hours after birth, which is similar to other causes of neonatal sepsis such as Streptococcus Agalactiae or Escherichia Coli. However, the virulence seems to be higher for Streptococcus pneumoniae, which has in addition a higher infant invasion/ maternal colonization ratio than Streptococcus Agalactiae. Pneumococcal vaccination has not resulted in a significant decline of neonatal cases. Many cases included ours, involved serotypes not present in the vaccine. Other strategies to protect these infants are necessary. We describe a late preterm infant with a fatal, early-onset sepsis caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae serotype 28 A. Maternal vaginal culture grew the same bacteria. Full article

283 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Pediatric Diaphragmatic Pacing

by Tarek R. Hazwani, Bedoor Alotaibi, Wadha Alqahtani, Asma Awadalla and Ali Al Shehri

Pediatr. Rep. 2019, 11(1), 7973; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2019.7973 - 11 Mar 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 969

Abstract

Diaphragmatic pacing has been shown to play a significant role in adult patients with diaphragmatic paralysis and facilitates mechanical ventilation weaning. However, reports on its use in paediatric patients are scarce. This report is about a 4-year-old child with a spinal cord injury [...] Read more.

Diaphragmatic pacing has been shown to play a significant role in adult patients with diaphragmatic paralysis and facilitates mechanical ventilation weaning. However, reports on its use in paediatric patients are scarce. This report is about a 4-year-old child with a spinal cord injury secondary to a motor vehicle accident that led to quadriplegia and diaphragm paralysis. The patient underwent a diaphragmatic pacing procedure, which helped start gradual weaning from mechanical ventilation. We reviewed the concept of the diaphragmatic pacer and its types depending on the site of the implantation. In addition, we reviewed who can benefit from using a diaphragmatic pacer and compared its use in adults versus paediatric patients. Our case showed that diaphragmatic pacing appears to be effective, as it facilitates mechanical ventilation weaning and improves the quality of life outcome in paediatric patients with diaphragmatic paralysis. Full article

426 KiB

Open AccessReview

Children and Adults Affected by Cri Du Chat Syndrome: Care's Recommendations

by Maria Elena Liverani, Alice Spano, Cesare Danesino, Michela Malacarne, Simona Cavani, Marianna Spunton and Andrea Guala

Pediatr. Rep. 2019, 11(1), 7839; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2019.7839 - 26 Feb 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1895

Abstract

Our objective is to collect data and information for a better care and follow up in Cri du Chat patients. We conducted a literature review in August 2017 and then discuss the outcomes within the ABC (Associazione Bambini Cri du Chat, Italian CdC [...] Read more.

Our objective is to collect data and information for a better care and follow up in Cri du Chat patients. We conducted a literature review in August 2017 and then discuss the outcomes within the ABC (Associazione Bambini Cri du Chat, Italian CdC families support group). A proposal for clinical, laboratory and imaging work up should be performed at various ages in CdC patients. Follow up and rehabilitation should continue lifelong as some improvements can be obtained also in older ages and not to lose acquired skills. Full article

384 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Zinc Deficiency in Children with Dengue Viral Infection

by Lakkana Rerksuppaphol and Sanguansak Rerksuppaphol

Pediatr. Rep. 2019, 11(1), 7386; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2019.7386 - 26 Feb 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 953

Abstract

Zinc deficiency is highly prevalent in low-income countries, with dramatic consequences to child health, in particular by impairing the immune system resulting in infection. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency in Thai children who were admitted to hospital [...] Read more.

Zinc deficiency is highly prevalent in low-income countries, with dramatic consequences to child health, in particular by impairing the immune system resulting in infection. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency in Thai children who were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of the dengue viral infection. Standard cut-off values according to age, sex, time of blood collection, and fasting status were used to define zinc levels. 32 patients were included in the analysis: The mean age was 7.3 years, of whom 56.3% were males. 11 (34.4%) patients were diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever and the remaining had dengue fever. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 46.7%, with boys having a higher risk of zinc deficiency than girls (OR=7.3: 95%CI: 1.5-36.6). Fever duration and length of hospital stay were longer in children with zinc deficiency compared to those who had normal levels, albeit without a significant difference. The results of this study provide the rationale for larger studies that will better elucidate the relationship between zinc levels and the clinical outcomes of dengue disease. Full article

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Pediatr. Rep., Volume 11, Issue 1 (February 2019) – 4 articles

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