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• Bolhuis, M
• Panday, P
• Pranger, A
• Kosterink, J
• Alffenaar, J
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• Panday, P
• Pranger, A
• Kosterink, J
• Alffenaar, J
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• Panday, P
• Pranger, A
• Kosterink, J
• Alffenaar, J

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Pharmaceutics 2011, 3(4), 865-913; doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics3040865

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Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions of Antimicrobial Drugs: A Systematic Review on Oxazolidinones, Rifamycines, Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones, and Beta-Lactams

Mathieu S. Bolhuis* , Prashant N. Panday, Arianna D. Pranger, Jos G. W. Kosterink and Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar

Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 15 October 2011; in revised form: 26 October 2011 / Accepted: 9 November 2011 / Published: 18 November 2011

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Interactions of Antimicrobial Agents)

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Abstract: Like any other drug, antimicrobial drugs are prone to pharmacokinetic drug interactions. These drug interactions are a major concern in clinical practice as they may have an effect on efficacy and toxicity. This article provides an overview of all published pharmacokinetic studies on drug interactions of the commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs oxazolidinones, rifamycines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and beta-lactams, focusing on systematic research. We describe drug-food and drug-drug interaction studies in humans, affecting antimicrobial drugs as well as concomitantly administered drugs. Since knowledge about mechanisms is of paramount importance for adequate management of drug interactions, the most plausible underlying mechanism of the drug interaction is provided when available. This overview can be used in daily practice to support the management of pharmacokinetic drug interactions of antimicrobial drugs.

Keywords: pharmacokinetics; drug interaction; antimicrobial drugs; oxazolidinones; rifamycines; macrolides; fluoroquinolones; beta-lactams; cytochrome P450; induction; inhibition

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