Viruses 2011, 3(5), 541-560; doi:10.3390/v3050541
Review

Intracellular Localization and Cellular Factors Interaction of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax Proteins: Similarities and Functional Differences

Umberto Bertazzoni 1,* email, Marco Turci 1 email, Francesca Avesani 1 email, Gianfranco Di Gennaro 1 email, Carlo Bidoia 2 email and Maria Grazia Romanelli 1,* email
1 Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy 2 Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 26 March 2011 / Accepted: 26 April 2011 / Published: 9 May 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in HTLV Research)
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Abstract: Human T-lymphotropic viruses type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) present very similar genomic structures but HTLV-1 is more pathogenic than HTLV-2. Is this difference due to their transactivating Tax proteins, Tax-1 and Tax-2, which are responsible for viral and cellular gene activation? Do Tax-1 and Tax-2 differ in their cellular localization and in their interaction pattern with cellular factors? In this review, we summarize Tax-1 and Tax-2 structural and phenotypic properties, their interaction with factors involved in signal transduction and their localization-related behavior within the cell. Special attention will be given to the distinctions between Tax-1 and Tax-2 that likely play an important role in their transactivation activity.
Keywords: HTLV; Tax-1; Tax-2; signal transduction; cellular localization; post-translational modifications; NF-kB; PDZ binding motif

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bertazzoni, U.; Turci, M.; Avesani, F.; Di Gennaro, G.; Bidoia, C.; Romanelli, M.G. Intracellular Localization and Cellular Factors Interaction of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax Proteins: Similarities and Functional Differences. Viruses 2011, 3, 541-560.

AMA Style

Bertazzoni U, Turci M, Avesani F, Di Gennaro G, Bidoia C, Romanelli MG. Intracellular Localization and Cellular Factors Interaction of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax Proteins: Similarities and Functional Differences. Viruses. 2011; 3(5):541-560.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bertazzoni, Umberto; Turci, Marco; Avesani, Francesca; Di Gennaro, Gianfranco; Bidoia, Carlo; Romanelli, Maria Grazia. 2011. "Intracellular Localization and Cellular Factors Interaction of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax Proteins: Similarities and Functional Differences." Viruses 3, no. 5: 541-560.

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