Chloride Permeability of Damaged High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite by Repeated Compressive Loads
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Method
2.1. Experimental Plan
2.2. Materials and Mixture Design
2.3. Compressive Test
2.4. Flexural Test
2.5. Specimens Damaged by Repeated Loads
2.6. Damage Evaluation
2.7. Chloride Permeability Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Static Behaviors
3.2. Cyclic Behaviors
3.3. Damage Induced
3.4. Chloride Permeability
3.5. Comparison with Plain Concrete Specimens
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Static mechanical tests show that the material used in this study has the typical characteristics of ductile HPFRCC. In the flexural test, specimens sustained the load continuously, even after peak load, and strain hardening behavior was observed, with finely-distributed microcracks.
- (2)
- Artificial damage was induced by applying repeated loads on the specimen. The results of HPFRCC specimen tests show that the residual axial strain, lateral strain and specific crack area increase due to the damage induced by repeated loads. However, the chloride diffusion coefficient does not increase significantly. The chloride diffusion coefficient increases up to 1.5-times, whereas the specific crack area increases up to 3-times with an increase of damage. Plain concrete specimens also show the same trends as the HPFRCC specimens. This is due to the fact that the repeated compressive loads applied in this test induce only microcracks that cannot cause any dramatic increase of permeability, regardless of the material type.
- (3)
- When a large deformation, causing a large amount of cracks, is applied to the specimen, finely-distributed cracks of HPFRCC can be a benefit in terms of the restriction of the crack width and reducing chloride permeability. However, for a moderate compressive load, which was below 85% of the static strength, the benefit of HPFRCC on the chloride diffusion coefficient is not significant. Because the compressive load does not induce dominant wide cracks in a stress level below 85% of the static strength, only small-scale damage is induced, even for plain concrete. Therefore, HPFRCC and plain concrete do not show significant differences in crack areas and chloride diffusion coefficients.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Lee, B.J.; Hyun, J.H.; Kim, Y.Y.; Shin, K.J. Chloride Permeability of Damaged High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite by Repeated Compressive Loads. Materials 2014, 7, 5802-5815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085802
Lee BJ, Hyun JH, Kim YY, Shin KJ. Chloride Permeability of Damaged High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite by Repeated Compressive Loads. Materials. 2014; 7(8):5802-5815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085802
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Byung Jae, Jung Hwan Hyun, Yun Yong Kim, and Kyung Joon Shin. 2014. "Chloride Permeability of Damaged High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite by Repeated Compressive Loads" Materials 7, no. 8: 5802-5815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085802