Self-Ordered Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays: Anodic Synthesis and Their Photo/Electro-Catalytic Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Electrochemical Anodization
1.1.1. Nanotube Formation Stages during Anodization
1.1.2. Formation of Complex Nanotube Geometries
1.1.3. Crystallization of Nanotubes
1.2. Surface & Bulk Properties of TiO2
1.3. Photocatalysis and Photoelectrochemistry
- The redox potential of the photogenerated VB hole should be sufficiently positive for the hole to act as an acceptor;
- The redox potential of the photogenerated CB electron should be sufficiently negative for the electron to act as a donor;
- Photocatayst should be economically available and be environmentally inert;
- Photocatalyst should be stable in a wide pH range and in a variety of electrolytes.
2. Aqueous Photocatalytic Mineralization
2.1. Organic Pollutants
2.2. Surface Charge
2.3. Nanotube Geometry
2.4. Photocataytic Inactivation of Microorganisms
2.5. Carbon Dioxide Reduction
3. Photoelectro-Catalystic Pollutant Degradation
4. Catalyst Modification
4.1. Metal Nanoparticles
4.2. Non-Metal Doping
4.3. Sensitization/Heterostructure
Metal Oxides
5. Theory
5.1. Computational Protocol
5.1.1. Clean Titania Surface
5.1.2. Photocatalysis
5.1.3. Photocatalysis of Organic Compounds
5.1.4. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
5.1.5. Chromophore Binding to Titania Surface
- the anchoring group should be present on the electron-accepting group;
- the HOMO and LUMO of the dye should be energetically computed above the VB edge and the CB edge of the oxide, respectively;
- the dye absorption spectrum should match the solar spectrum;
- high intensity transition in the photoconversion;
- the fluorescence lifetime should be sufficiently high (above the nanosecond time scale) to allow an electronic injection to the semiconductor from the excited state of the dye before quenching of the excited state by a radiative decay.
5.2. Electron Transfer Process
5.3. Future Aspects
6. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
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Smith, Y.R.; Ray, R.S.; Carlson, K.; Sarma, B.; Misra, M. Self-Ordered Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays: Anodic Synthesis and Their Photo/Electro-Catalytic Applications. Materials 2013, 6, 2892-2957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6072892
Smith YR, Ray RS, Carlson K, Sarma B, Misra M. Self-Ordered Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays: Anodic Synthesis and Their Photo/Electro-Catalytic Applications. Materials. 2013; 6(7):2892-2957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6072892
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmith, York R., Rupashree S. Ray, Krista Carlson, Biplab Sarma, and Mano Misra. 2013. "Self-Ordered Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays: Anodic Synthesis and Their Photo/Electro-Catalytic Applications" Materials 6, no. 7: 2892-2957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6072892