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• Mour, M
• Das, D
• Winkler, T
• Hoenig, E
• Mielke, G
• Morlock, M
• Schilling, A
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• Mour, M
• Das, D
• Winkler, T
• Hoenig, E
• Mielke, G
• Morlock, M
• Schilling, A
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• Mour, M
• Das, D
• Winkler, T
• Hoenig, E
• Mielke, G
• Morlock, M
• Schilling, A

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Materials 2010, 3(5), 2947-2974; doi:10.3390/ma3052947

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Advances in Porous Biomaterials for Dental and Orthopaedic Applications

Meenakshi Mour ^1, , Debarun Das ^1, , Thomas Winkler ² , Elisa Hoenig ² , Gabriela Mielke ² , Michael M. Morlock ²  and Arndt F. Schilling ^2,*

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India ² Biomechanics Section, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg D-21073, Germany These authors contributed equally to this work and therefore share first authorship.

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 5 February 2010; in revised form: 18 April 2010 / Accepted: 22 April 2010 / Published: 28 April 2010

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials)

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Abstract: The connective hard tissues bone and teeth are highly porous on a micrometer scale, but show high values of compression strength at a relatively low weight. The fabrication of porous materials has been actively researched and different processes have been developed that vary in preparation complexity and also in the type of porous material that they produce. Methodologies are available for determination of pore properties. The purpose of the paper is to give an overview of these methods, the role of porosity in natural porous materials and the effect of pore properties on the living tissues. The minimum pore size required to allow the ingrowth of mineralized tissue seems to be in the order of 50 µm: larger pore sizes seem to improve speed and depth of penetration of mineralized tissues into the biomaterial, but on the other hand impair the mechanical properties. The optimal pore size is therefore dependent on the application and the used material.

Keywords: biomaterial; porosity; tissue engineering; bone; teeth

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