Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes from Organometallic Compounds: A Review
Abstract
:1. Overview
2. Nitrogen Doped CNTs (N-CNTs)
2.1. Properties of N-CNTs
2.1.1. N bonding in CNTs
2.1.2. N-CNT bamboo structures
2.1.3. Chemical properties of N-CNTs
2.1.4. Physical properties of N-CNTs
2.2. Characterization techniques
2.3. Applications of N-CNTs
2.4. N-CNT synthesis mechanism
3. N-CNT Synthesis from Organometallic Complexes
N/C sources | Substrate | Catalyst | T (°C) | N (at %) | Method | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethanol/toluene/ethylenediamine | - | FcH | 850–950 | - | CVD injection | 14 |
Toluene/aniline, ferrocenylaniline | - | FcH, ferrocenyl-aniline | 900 | 1.5 | FC CVD | 15 |
Triphenylphosphine/benzylamine | - | FcH | 720–840 | - | CVD aerosol | 18 |
Toluene/hexamethylenediamine, benzylamine, quinoline | - | FcH | 850 | CVD aerosol | 26 | |
Pyridine | Quartz tube | Fe(CO)5 | 900–1100 | - | CVD | 32 |
Benzene/CH3CN | Quartz tube | FcH, AgNO3 | 900 | - | CVD aerosol | 35 |
Ethanol/benzylamine | - | FcH | 950 | < 2 | CVD | 42 |
Benzylamine | - | FcH | 850 | - | CVD | 50 |
Xylene/NH3/pyridine | - | FcH | 800 | 0–9.7 | FC CVD | 60 |
Thiophene/NiPc | - | Nickelocene, NiPc | 900 | - | CVD | 64 |
Fullerene/NH3 | - | FcH | 1050 | > 0.1 | CVD | 73 |
Ethylenediamine | - | Co, FcH | 780–1080 | 18.77–24.45 | CVD injection | 82 |
4-tert-butylpyridine | Quartz | FcH | 700 | 1.6–2 | CVD aerosol | 85 |
Toluene/benzylamine | Quartz substrate | FcH | 800–900 | 0 – 2.2 | CVD aerosol | 88 |
CH3CN/THF | Carbon fiber paper | Fe acetylacetonate | 850 | 0 – 2.2 | CVD aerosol assisted | 99 |
C2H2/NH3 | - | Fe(CO)5 | 750–950 | 3.1–7.2 | CVD | 139 |
Monoethanolamine | Si | FcH | 900 | 6.6 | CVD | 146 |
Monoethanolamine | GaAs | FcH | 950 | 7.8 | CVD | 146 |
C3H6N6 | - | FcH | 900–1000 | 2.3–11.5 | FC CVD | 147 |
Ethanol/ethylenediamine | Al2O3 | FcH | 900 | 1.2 | CVD injection | 148 |
NH3/pyridine | Quartz tube | FcH | 700–1000 | 4.8–8.8 | CVD | 149 |
FePc/thiophene/NH3 | - | FePc | 900 | < 9.0 | CVD | 156 |
CoPc/thiophene | - | CoPc | 800–1000 | 1.9–2.9 | CVD | 158 |
CH3CN/pyridine | - | FcH | 650–900 | - | FC CVD | 165 |
Pyridine, methylpyrimidine, triazine | - | Fe(CO)5 | 1100 | 2.3 | CVD | 166 |
Melamine | FcH | 1050 | 2.0–7.0 | 167 | ||
C18H15P | Quartz tube | FcH | 950 | - | CVD | 168 |
Pyridine, pyrimidine | - | FcH | 750 | 1.0 – 3.2 | CVD | 169 |
3.1. Flow system
3.2. Closed system
3.3. Non-flow systems
3.4. Alternative synthetic strategies
4. Other N Doped Shaped Carbon Nanomaterials
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
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Nxumalo, E.N.; Coville, N.J. Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes from Organometallic Compounds: A Review. Materials 2010, 3, 2141-2171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3032141
Nxumalo EN, Coville NJ. Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes from Organometallic Compounds: A Review. Materials. 2010; 3(3):2141-2171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3032141
Chicago/Turabian StyleNxumalo, Edward N., and Neil J. Coville. 2010. "Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes from Organometallic Compounds: A Review" Materials 3, no. 3: 2141-2171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3032141