Improvement of Sludge Dewaterability by Ultrasound-Initiated Cationic Polyacrylamide with Microblock Structure: The Role of Surface-Active Monomers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Copolymer
2.3. Determination of the Monomer Reactivity Ratio
2.4. Composition and Sequence-Length Distributions of Polymers
2.5. Characterizations
2.6. Dewatering Tests
2.6.1. Sludge Conditioning
2.6.2. Determination of Sludge Dewaterability
2.6.3. Characterization of Morphological Properties of Sludge
2.6.4. Extraction and Analysis of Soluble EPS (SEPS)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Monomer Reactivity Ratios of the Polymers
3.2. Composition Equations of the Polymers
3.3. Sequence Distributions of the Polymers
3.4. Characterizations of the Polymers
3.4.1. FTIR Spectra
3.4.2. 1H NMR Spectra
3.4.3. DSC−TGA
3.5. Dewatering Test
3.5.1. Effect of Sequence Distribution and Dosage on Dewatering Performance
3.5.2. Effect of Sequence Distribution on Morphological Properties of Sludge
Sludge Floc Size
Structural Characteristics of Sludge Cake
3.5.3. Effect of Sequence Distribution on Sludge Soluble EPS Properties
4. Conclusions
- The reactivity ratio of monomers suggested that novel cationic monomer BDMDAC had higher homopolymerization ability, and thus are more prone to forming microblocks. The statistical analysis of sequence-length distribution indicated that the number and length of cationic segments were increased in the PAB molecules. In addition, the characteristic results of FTIR, 1H NMR, and TGA provided evidence for the synthesis of cationic microblock copolymer.
- Sludge dewaterability was greatly improved by adding the synthesized novel flocculant and the sludge-specific resistance to filtration, filter cake moisture content and residual turbidity all reached a minimum (68.7%, 5.4 × 1012 m·kg−1, 2.6 NTU, respectively) at 40 mg·L−1. The excellent performance was associated with the combined effect of surfmers and ultrasound.
- The bigger and more compact sludge flocs conditioned by PAB were not easy to break when exposed to high shear force. Furthermore, their re-growth capability was relatively high, benefiting from patch re-flocculation.
- PAB with cationic microblock structure was more effective in removal of PN in SEPS because of enhanced electrical neutralization and adsorption bridging ability, which was conducive to reducing the sludge viscosity and compressibility.
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indicator | pH | Moisture Content (%) | Zeta Potential (mv) | VSS/TSS (mg/L) | SRF (1013 m/kg) | Turbidity of Sludge Bulk (NTU) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | 6.93 ± 0.12 | 98.2 ± 0.5 | −18.9 ± 1.4 | 0.63 ± 0.02 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 35.3 ± 1.7 |
Flocculants | Intrinsic Viscosity (dL·g−1) | Average Molecular Weight (106 Da) | Cationic Degree (%) |
---|---|---|---|
PAB | 6.94 | 2.86 | 60 |
PAD | 7.18 | 2.98 | 60 |
CPAA | 7.22 | 3.00 | 60 |
CPAD | 7.22 | 3.00 | 60 |
Methods | PAD | PAB | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
rAM | rDMC | rAM | rBDMDAC | |
Fineman–Ross Method | 0.64 | 0.42 | 0.55 | 1.47 |
Kelen–Tüdö Method | 0.63 | 0.39 | 0.57 | 1.52 |
Y−B−R Method | 0.64 | 0.39 | 0.57 | 1.56 |
Average | 0.64 | 0.40 | 0.56 | 1.52 |
Flocculants | SF (%) | RF (%) |
---|---|---|
PAB | 64.73 | 34.15 |
PAD | 54.41 | 12.36 |
CPAA | 49.76 | 7.59 |
CPAD | data | 13.84 |
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Zhao, C.; Zheng, H.; Feng, L.; Wang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Liu, B.; Djibrine, B.Z. Improvement of Sludge Dewaterability by Ultrasound-Initiated Cationic Polyacrylamide with Microblock Structure: The Role of Surface-Active Monomers. Materials 2017, 10, 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10030282
Zhao C, Zheng H, Feng L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Djibrine BZ. Improvement of Sludge Dewaterability by Ultrasound-Initiated Cationic Polyacrylamide with Microblock Structure: The Role of Surface-Active Monomers. Materials. 2017; 10(3):282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10030282
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Chuanliang, Huaili Zheng, Li Feng, Yili Wang, Yongzhi Liu, Bingzhi Liu, and Badradine Zakaria Djibrine. 2017. "Improvement of Sludge Dewaterability by Ultrasound-Initiated Cationic Polyacrylamide with Microblock Structure: The Role of Surface-Active Monomers" Materials 10, no. 3: 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10030282