Leaching Behavior of Circulating Fluidised Bed MSWI Air Pollution Control Residue in Washing Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Characteristics of Unwashed APC Residue and Washing Time
3.2. Different L/S Ratios
3.3. Double and Triple Washing
3.4. Speciation of Heavy Metals and the Concentration of Dioxins
3.5. Regression Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fly ash type | APC residue | APC residue [13] | ESP fly ash [14] | Coal fly ash [15] |
Furnace type | CFB | Stoker | Stoker | N |
CaO | 22.05 | 25.16 | 19.50 | 11.77 |
SiO2 | 21.28 | 4.73 | 7.30 | 50.09 |
Al2O3 | 13.00 | 1.77 | 3.20 | 24.91 |
Cl | 7.81 | 31.72 | 21.98 | N |
MgO | 6.15 | 1.25 | 2.61 | 0.40 |
Fe2O3 | 5.73 | 0.95 | 1.39 | 7.60 |
Na2O | 5.43 | 10.92 | 13.07 | 0.14 |
SO3 | 3.05 | 7.98 | 9.76 | N |
P2O5 | 2.81 | 1.20 | 1.72 | N |
K2O | 2.01 | 10.57 | 11.21 | 1.19 |
TiO2 | 1.03 | 1.17 | 2.77 | 1.17 |
ZnO | 0.904 | 0.85 | 3.02 | N |
CuO | 0.381 | 0.2 | N | N |
BaO | 0.215 | N | N | N |
Mn2O3 | 0.146 | N | N | 0.10 |
PbO | 0.133 | 0.49 | N | N |
Cr2O3 | 0.0941 | 0.2 | N | N |
Ionic Species Concentration (mg/L) | Leachate from Different Washing Time | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 min | 10 min | 20 min | 30 min | 1 h | 4 h | 6 h | 18 h | 24 h | |
Cl− | 3200 | 4745 | 5963 | 6178 | 6129 | 6229 | 6324 | 6186 | 6324 |
SO42− | 211 | 172 | 220 | 209 | 198 | 144 | 149 | 151 | 103 |
Ca | 1187 | 1370 | 1796 | 1772 | 1706 | 1670 | 1653 | 1720 | 1694 |
Na | 768 | 1098 | 1132 | 1171 | 1143 | 1124 | 1242 | 1101 | 1127 |
K | 611 | 731 | 965 | 993 | 968 | 912 | 870 | 913 | 939 |
Al | 0.69 | 0.89 | 1.41 | 1.44 | 2.18 | 12.94 | 10.11 | 16.11 | 5.47 |
Mg | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.11 |
Fe | 0.033 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.020 | 0.002 |
As | ND | 0.004 | ND | ND | 0.002 | 0.001 | ND | ND | ND |
Cd | 0.001 | ND | 0.003 | ND | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | ND | ND |
Cr | 0.61 | 0.48 | 0.71 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Cu | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Ni | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Pb | 0.66 | 0.52 | 1.37 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
Se | 0.014 | 0.020 | 0.027 | 0.013 | 0.018 | 0.019 | 0.004 | 0.010 | ND |
Zn | 0.80 | 0.58 | 0.96 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Ba | 1.05 | 0.93 | 2.64 | 1.11 | 1.34 | 1.66 | 1.65 | 1.36 | 1.85 |
pH | 11.12 | 11.62 | 11.84 | 11.85 | 11.88 | 11.63 | 11.42 | 11.76 | 11.60 |
EC (mS/cm) | 28.20 | 39.55 | 51.45 | 53.32 | 52.53 | 53.50 | 53.77 | 52.93 | 54.15 |
Cumulative weight loss (%) | 5.60 | 7.61 | 9.42 | 9.64 | 9.48 | 9.42 | 9.56 | 9.41 | 9.51 |
Heavy Metals | L/S | Cr | Cu | Se | Pb | Zn | Ba |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration | 1 | 4.10 | 2.71 | 0.11 | 2.87 | 13.68 | 22.47 |
2 | 1.24 | 0.58 | 0.073 | 1.00 | 2.73 | 7.36 | |
4 | 0.99 | 0.28 | 0.062 | 1.79 | 1.23 | 6.03 | |
6 | 0.99 | 0.39 | 0.047 | 1.42 | 1.55 | 4.54 | |
8 | 0.70 | 0.26 | 0.025 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 3.65 | |
10 | 0.53 | 0.084 | 0.013 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 1.10 | |
12 | 0.63 | 0.180 | 0.028 | 0.48 | 0.56 | 2.88 | |
16 | 0.41 | 0.085 | 0.018 | 0.046 | 0.32 | 2.27 | |
20 | 0.39 | 0.043 | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.31 | 1.91 | |
Waste water limits | – | 1.50 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 2.00 | UL |
Elements | Existing Form | Form Distribution (%, w/w) |
---|---|---|
(pH = 10.85) | ||
Zn | ZnOH+ | 0.1 |
Zn(OH)2 (aq) | 77.9 | |
Zn(OH)3− | 21.5 | |
Zn(OH)42− | 0.5 | |
Cu | CuOH+ | 0.3 |
Cu(OH)42− | 0.9 | |
Cu(OH)3− | 76.2 | |
Cu(OH)2 (aq) | 22.6 | |
Cd | Cd2+ | 5.9 |
CdOH+ | 12.7 | |
Cd(OH)2 (aq) | 36.7 | |
Cd(OH)3− | 0.3 | |
CdCl+ | 30.7 | |
CdCl2 (aq) | 11.9 | |
CdSO4 (aq) | 0.2 | |
CdCO3 (aq) | 1.6 | |
Cd(CO3)22− | 0.1 | |
Pb | PbOH+ | 3.5 |
Pb(OH)2 (aq) | 51.4 | |
Pb(OH)3− | 44.8 | |
Pb3(OH)42+ | 0 | |
Pb(CO3)22− | 0.1 | |
PbCO3 (aq) | 0.2 |
No. | Location | Incinerator | Furnace Type | Fly Ash Type | PCDD/Fs (ng/g) | I-TEQ (ng/g) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present work | 1 | China | MSWI | CFB | APC residue | 156.5 | 2.594 |
Chen et al. [23] | 2 | China | MSWI | Stoker | APC residue | 19.2 | 0.456 |
3 | MSWI | Stoker | APC residue | 236 | 2.680 | ||
4 | MSWI | CFB | APC residue | 25.1 | 0.897 | ||
5 | MSWI | CFB | APC residue | 21.7 | 0.138 | ||
6 | EPPI | N | Coal fly ash | 0.059 | 0.001 | ||
7 | EPPI | N | Coal fly ash | 0.536 | 0.002 | ||
8 | EPPI | N | Coal fly ash | 0.142 | 0.003 | ||
Lu et al. [24] | 9 | China | MSWI | Stoker | APC residue | 60.11 | 0.47 |
10 | MSWI | Stoker | APC residue | 167.56 | 5.16 | ||
11 | MSWI | CFB | APC residue | 9.37 | 0.18 | ||
12 | MSWI | CFB | APC residue | 9.32 | 0.24 | ||
13 | MSWI | Stoker | APC residue | 58.83 | 0.79 | ||
14 | France | MSWI | Stoker | APC residue | 192.03 | 6.83 | |
Celia et al. [26] | 15 | Denmark | MSWI | Stoker | ESP fly ash | 197 | 2.01 |
16 | – | MSWI | Stoker | APC residue | 4.85 | 0.18 | |
Yun et al. [25] | 17 | – | MSWI | CFB | APC residue | 132 | 1.8 |
18 | – | MSWI | CFB | APC residue | 190 | 2.5 | |
19 | China | MSWI | Stoker | APC residue | 63 | 0.71 | |
20 | – | MSWI | Stoker | APC residue | 42 | 0.55 |
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Chen, Z.; Chang, W.; Jiang, X.; Lu, S.; Buekens, A.; Yan, J. Leaching Behavior of Circulating Fluidised Bed MSWI Air Pollution Control Residue in Washing Process. Energies 2016, 9, 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9090743
Chen Z, Chang W, Jiang X, Lu S, Buekens A, Yan J. Leaching Behavior of Circulating Fluidised Bed MSWI Air Pollution Control Residue in Washing Process. Energies. 2016; 9(9):743. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9090743
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Zhiliang, Wei Chang, Xuguang Jiang, Shengyong Lu, Alfons Buekens, and Jianhua Yan. 2016. "Leaching Behavior of Circulating Fluidised Bed MSWI Air Pollution Control Residue in Washing Process" Energies 9, no. 9: 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9090743