Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Study of a Novel Membrane Contactor for Simultaneous Carbon Dioxide Absorption and Stripping
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hybrid Absorption/Stripping Membrane Contactor (HASMC)
3. Modeling
3.1. Computational Domain and Grids
3.2. Governing Equations
3.2.1. Fluid Channels
3.2.2. Membrane Layer
3.2.3. Boundary Conditions and Solution Algorithms
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Model Verification
4.2. Parallel-Flow HASMC
4.3. Cross-Flow HASMC
4.4. Transfer Coefficients
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
BC | base case |
C | concentration (kmol/m3) |
CE | cross-flow configuration with empty channels |
CS | cross-flow configuration with spacer-filled channels |
dh | hydraulic diameter (m) |
Df | diameter of filament (m) |
D | molecular diffusivity (m2/s) |
E | specific total energy (J/kg) |
h | heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K) or specific enthalpy (J/kg) |
H | height of spacer (m) |
HVL | specific enthalpy of vaporization (J/kg) |
HASMC | hybrid absorption and stripping membrane contactor |
I | unit matrix |
ji | diffusion flux of species i (kg/m2 s) |
kc | thermal conductivity (kg/m2 s) |
kL | mass transfer coefficient in the liquid (m/s) |
km | mass transfer coefficient in the membrane (m/s) |
Lm | filament mesh size (m) |
N | mass flux (kg/m2 s) |
P | Pressure (Pa) |
PE | parallel-flow configuration with empty channel |
PS | parallel-flow configuration with spacer-filled channel |
Q | heat flux (W/m2) |
R | gas constant (J/mole K) |
Re | Reynolds number, |
Sc | Schmidt number, |
Sh | Sherwood number, |
Sh | energy source term (kJ/m3 s) |
Si | mass source term of species i (kg/m3 s) |
Sm | mass source term of mixture (kg/m3 s) |
T | temperature (K) |
Tm | membrane mean temperature (K) |
v | velocity (m/s) |
yi | mass fraction of species i |
Greek Letters
δm | membrane thickness (m) |
membrane porosity or spacer porosity | |
θ | hydrodynamic angles (degree) |
μ | viscosity (Pa s) |
ρ | density (kg/m3) |
tortuosity or stress tensor (Pa/m) |
Subscript
abs | absorption |
avg | average |
bulk | bulk fluid |
fg | flue gas |
i | species i |
L | liquid |
m | membrane |
sat | saturation |
sg | stripping gas |
strip | stripping |
References
- Global CCS Institute. The Global Status of CCS, February 2014; Global CCS Institute: Tokyo, Japan, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- National Energy Technology Laboratory. Research and Development Goals for CO2 Capture, DOE/NETL-2009/1366; U.S. Department of Energy: South Park Township, PA, USA, 2011.
- Kohl, A.L.; Nielsen, R.B. Gas Purification, 5th ed.; Gulf Publishing Company: Houston, TX, USA, 1997; pp. 1188–1190, 1187–1237. ISBN 0884152200. [Google Scholar]
- Drioli, E.; Criscuoli, A.; Curcio, E. Membrane Contactors: Fundamentals, Applications and Potentialities; Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2005; pp. 5–39. ISBN 9780444522030. [Google Scholar]
- Reed, B.W.; Semmens, M.J.; Cussler, E.L. Membrane Contactors, Membrane Separation Technology, Principles and Applications; Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1995; pp. 467–498. ISBN 9780444816337. [Google Scholar]
- Al-Marzouqi, M.H.; Marzouk, S.A.M.; El-Naas, M.H.; Abdullatif, N. CO2 removal from CO2-CH4 gas mixture using different solvents and hollow fiber membranes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 3600–3605. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mansourizadeh, A.; Ismail, A.F.; Matsuura, T. Effect of operating conditions on the physical and chemical CO2 absorption through the PVDF hollow fiber membrane contactor. J. Membr. Sci. 2010, 353, 192–200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Simioni, M.; Kentish, S.E.; Stevens, G.W. Membrane stripping: Desorption of carbon dioxide from alkali solvents. J. Membr. Sci. 2011, 378, 18–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lu, J.G.; Hua, A.C.; Xu, Z.W.; Li, J.T.; Liu, S.Y.; Wang, Z.L.; Zhao, Y.L.; Pan, C. CO2 capture by membrane absorption coupling process: Experiments and coupling process evaluation. J. Membr. Sci. 2013, 431, 9–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kreulen, H.; Smolders, C.A.; Versteeg, G.F.; van Swaaij, W.P.M. Microporous follow fibre membrane modules as gas-liquid contactors, Part 1. Physical mass transfer processes. J. Membr. Sci. 1993, 78, 197–216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kreulen, H.; Smolders, C.A.; Versteeg, G.F.; van Swaaij, W.P.M. Microporous follow fibre membrane modules as gas-liquid contactors, Part 2. Mass transfer with chemical reaction. J. Membr. Sci. 1993, 78, 217–238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hoff, K.A.; Svendsen, H.F. Membrane contactors for CO2 absorption—Application, modeling and mass transfer effects. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2014, 116, 331–341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goyal, N.; Suman, S.; Gupta, S.K. Mathematical modeling of CO2 separation from gaseous-mixture using a hollow-fiber membrane module: Physical mechanism and influence of partial-wetting. J. Membr. Sci. 2015, 474, 64–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, X.; Yu, H.; Wang, R.; Fane, A.G. Optimization of microstructured hollow fiber design for membrane distillation applications using CFD modeling. J. Membr. Sci. 2012, 421, 258–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ho, C.D.; Chang, H.; Chang, C.L.; Huang, C.H. Theoretical and experimental studies of performance enhancement with roughened surface in direct contact membrane distillation desalination. J. Membr. Sci. 2013, 433, 160–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martínez, L.; Vázquez-González, M.I.; Florido-Díaz, F.J. Study of membrane distillation using channel spacers. J. Membr. Sci. 1998, 144, 45–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Phattaranawik, J.; Jiraratananon, R.; Fane, A.G.; Halim, C. Mass flux enhancement using spacer filled channel in direct contact membrane distillation. J. Membr. Sci. 2001, 187, 93–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shakaib, M.; Hasani, S.M.F.; Ahmed, I.; Yunus, R.M. A CFD study on the effect of spacer orientation on polarization in membrane distillation modules. Desalination 2012, 284, 332–340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, H.; Hsu, J.A.; Chang, C.L.; Ho, C.D.; Cheng, T.W. Simulation study of transfer characteristics for spacer-filled membrane distillation desalination modules. Appl. Energy 2017, 185, 2045–2057. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, H.; Ho, C.D.; Hsu, J.A. Analysis of heat transfer coefficients in direct contact membrane distillation modules using CFD simulation. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. 2016, 19, 197–206. [Google Scholar]
- Lou, Y.; Gogar, R.; Hao, P.; Lipscomb, G.; Amo, K.; Kniep, J. Simulation of net spacers in membrane modules for carbon dioxide capture. Sep. Sci. Technol. 2017, 52, 168–185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fimbres-Weihs, G.A.; Wiley, D.E. Review of 3D CFD modeling of flow and mass transfer in narrow spacer-filled channels in membrane modules. Chem. Eng. Process. 2010, 49, 759–781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, S.J.; Li, S.; Meyer, H.; Ding, Y.; Bikson, B. Hybrid membrane/absorption process for post-combustion CO2 capture. In Proceedings of the NETL CO2 Capture Technology Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 8–11 July 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Fogg, P.G.T. (Ed.) Carbon Dioxide in Non-Aqueous Solvents at Pressures Less Than 200 kPA; IUPAC Solubility Data Series; Pergamon: London, UK, 1992. [Google Scholar]
- Dindore, V.Y.; Brilman, D.W.F.; Feron, P.H.M.; Versteeg, G.F. CO2 absorption at elevated pressures using a hollow fiber membrane contactor. J. Membr. Sci. 2004, 235, 99–109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koutsou, C.P.; Yiantsios, S.G.; Karabelas, A.J. A numerical and experimental study of mass transfer in spacer-filled channels Effects of spacer geometrical characteristics and Schmidt number. J. Membr. Sci. 2009, 326, 234–251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Da Costa, A.R.; Fane, A.G.; Wiley, D.E. Spacer characterization and pressure drop modelling in spacer-filled channels for ultrafiltration. J. Membr. Sci. 1994, 87, 79–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bird, R.B.; Stewart, W.E.; Lightfoot, E.N. Transport Phenomena, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 2001; p. 420. ISBN 0471410772. [Google Scholar]
Operation Conditions | BC | Case 1 |
---|---|---|
Gas inlet velocity (m/s) | 0.018 | 0.018 |
Liquid inlet velocity (m/s) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Liquid inlet concentration (mol %) | 0.13 (empty) 0.06 (spacer-filled) | |
Liquid diffusivity (m2/s) | 1 × 10−9 | 1 × 10−8 |
Simulation Conditions | BC | Cases 1–3 | Case 4 |
---|---|---|---|
Gas inlet velocity (m/s) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Liquid inlet velocity (m/s) | 0.01 | 0.005/0.02/0.04 | 0.01 |
Liquid inlet concentration (mol %) | 0.15 (empty) | 0.15 (empty) | 0.15 (empty) |
0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
(spacer-filled) | (spacer-filled) | (spacer-filled) | |
Liquid diffusivity (m2/s) | 1 × 10−9 | 1 × 10−9 | 1 × 10−8 |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Chang, H.; Gan, H.-Y.; Chen, Y.-H.; Ho, C.-D. Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Study of a Novel Membrane Contactor for Simultaneous Carbon Dioxide Absorption and Stripping. Energies 2017, 10, 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081136
Chang H, Gan H-Y, Chen Y-H, Ho C-D. Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Study of a Novel Membrane Contactor for Simultaneous Carbon Dioxide Absorption and Stripping. Energies. 2017; 10(8):1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081136
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Hsuan, Hau-Yu Gan, Yih-Hang Chen, and Chii-Dong Ho. 2017. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Study of a Novel Membrane Contactor for Simultaneous Carbon Dioxide Absorption and Stripping" Energies 10, no. 8: 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081136