Sludge Acts as a Catalyst for Coal during the Co-Combustion Process Investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. TG Analysis
2.3. Data Analysis Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Combustion Characteristics of Coal and Sludge Samples
3.2. Comparison between Actual and Fitted DTG Curves for Coal-Sludge Blends
3.3. Comparison between Actual and Fitted DSC Curves of Coal-Sludge Blends
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Sludges | Coal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | ||
Proximate analysis (wt %) | ||||
Moisture | 5.16 | 3.70 | 3.37 | 3.55 |
Volatiles | 40.74 | 38.78 | 35.76 | 30.69 |
Ashes | 52.76 | 56.93 | 56.87 | 13.20 |
Fixed carbon | 1.34 | 0.59 | 4.00 | 52.56 |
Ultimate analysis (wt %) | ||||
C | 20.98 | 15.31 | 16.82 | 67.97 |
H | 3.31 | 2.49 | 3.36 | 4.04 |
N | 2.50 | 1.50 | 3.23 | 1.05 |
Stotal | 4.32 | 0.81 | 1.03 | 0.48 |
O | 10.97 | 19.26 | 15.32 | 9.71 |
Higher heating values (MJ/kg) | ||||
HHV | 9.251 | 5.934 | 8.446 | 21.935 |
Samples | Dried Sludge Weight Percentages (%) | Heating Rate (°C/min) |
---|---|---|
S1 and C | 0, 10, 30, 100 | 20 |
0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 100 | 30 | |
0, 10, 30, 100 | 40 | |
S2 and C | 0, 10, 30, 100 | 30 |
S3 and C | 0, 10, 30, 100 | 30 |
Dried Sludge Weight Percentage (%) | Heating Rate (°C/min) | Maximum Weight Loss Rate of Fitted Curves (%/min) | Maximum Weight Loss Rate of Actual Curves (%/min) | Change Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 20 | 10.641 | 11.075 | 4.08 |
30 | 12.765 | 13.511 | 5.84 | |
40 | 14.635 | 15.777 | 7.80 | |
30 | 20 | 8.396 | 9.264 | 10.34 |
30 | 10.284 | 12.088 | 17.54 | |
40 | 11.471 | 13.915 | 21.31 |
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Chen, W.; Wang, F.; Kanhar, A.H. Sludge Acts as a Catalyst for Coal during the Co-Combustion Process Investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis. Energies 2017, 10, 1993. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10121993
Chen W, Wang F, Kanhar AH. Sludge Acts as a Catalyst for Coal during the Co-Combustion Process Investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis. Energies. 2017; 10(12):1993. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10121993
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Wendi, Fei Wang, and Altaf Hussain Kanhar. 2017. "Sludge Acts as a Catalyst for Coal during the Co-Combustion Process Investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis" Energies 10, no. 12: 1993. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10121993