Do the Determinants of Mental Wellbeing Vary by Housing Tenure Status? Secondary Analysis of a 2017 Cross-Sectional Residents Survey in Cornwall, South West England
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Summary of Current Research
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Context
3.2. Resident Survey
- About your local area and Cornwall Council;
- Contacting the Council;
- Community Safety;
- Respect and consideration;
- Your home;
- Helping out (volunteering);
- Any other comments;
- Council newsletter (an opportunity to sign up for this);
- About you (socio-demographics).
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
All | Privately Owned | Private Rental | Social Housing | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual Circumstances | n = 4085 | n = 3218 | n = 518 | n = 349 | |
IC1. Age group | 16–17 y | 1.7% | 1.8% | 1.0% | 1.4% |
18–24 y | 3.6% | 2.8% | 7.5% | 5.2% | |
25–34 y | 8.7% | 6.2% | 20.7% | 14.3% | |
35–44 y | 12.9% | 11.3% | 21.6% | 14.3% | |
45–54 y | 19.3% | 19.2% | 18.5% | 20.9% | |
55–64 y | 22.5% | 23.8% | 16.0% | 20.3% | |
65–74 y | 22.2% | 24.7% | 11.6% | 15.5% | |
75–84 y | 7.4% | 8.2% | 2.5% | 7.2% | |
85+ y | 1.7% | 2.0% | 0.6% | 0.9% | |
IC2. Gender | Female | 52.3% | 50.6% | 57.3% | 61.0% |
Male | 47.7% | 49.4% | 42.7% | 39.0% | |
IC3. Ethnicity | White | 98.9% | 99.2% | 98.5% | 97.1% |
Other | 1.1% | 0.8% | 1.5% | 2.9% | |
IC4. Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) score | 24.56 ± 4.64 | 24.94 ± 4.49 | 23.50 ± 4.64 | 22.58 ± 5.16 | |
IC5. How is your health in general? | Very bad | 1.1% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 4.6% |
Bad | 4.7% | 3.0% | 7.9% | 15.8% | |
Fair | 19.2% | 18.3% | 16.2% | 32.1% | |
Good | 45.4% | 47.5% | 43.1% | 29.8% | |
Very good | 29.5% | 30.4% | 31.9% | 17.8% | |
IC6. Are your day-to-day activities limited because of a health problem or disability that has lasted, or is expected to last, at least 12 months (including problems related to old age)? | No | 71.7% | 74.4% | 71.2% | 46.7% |
Yes, limited a little | 18.8% | 18.5% | 17.8% | 22.9% | |
Yes, limited a lot | 9.6% | 7.1% | 11.0% | 30.4% | |
IC7. Thinking about how much contact that you have had with people you like, which of the following statements best describes your social situation? | I have as much social contact as I want | 61.4% | 63.8% | 54.2% | 49.6% |
I have adequate contact with people | 28.2% | 28.2% | 28.0% | 29.5% | |
I have some social contact with people, but not enough | 8.2% | 6.8% | 12.9% | 14.3% | |
I have little social contact with people and feel social isolated | 2.2% | 1.3% | 4.8% | 6.6% | |
IC8. All things considered, how satisfied are you with your quality of life as a whole nowadays? | 1—Exceptionally dissatisfied | 1.2% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 2.0% |
2 | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 3.2% | |
3 | 2.8% | 2.3% | 3.7% | 6.0% | |
4 | 2.8% | 2.0% | 4.8% | 6.9% | |
5 | 6.8% | 5.6% | 9.3% | 14.3% | |
6 | 6.9% | 6.2% | 10.0% | 8.3% | |
7 | 14.4% | 14.0% | 17.0% | 14.6% | |
8 | 29.1% | 30.6% | 25.9% | 20.1% | |
9 | 21.7% | 23.4% | 16.4% | 13.8% | |
10—Exceptionally satisfied | 12.4% | 13.0% | 9.8% | 10.9% | |
IC9. Compared to 12 months ago, would you say your quality of life has… | Decreased significantly | 3.6% | 3.0% | 4.2% | 9.2% |
Decreased to some extent | 19.0% | 18.2% | 18.3% | 27.2% | |
Stayed about the same | 55.7% | 58.4% | 45.0% | 46.4% | |
Increased to some extent | 16.6% | 15.9% | 24.3% | 12.0% | |
Increased significantly | 5.1% | 4.6% | 8.1% | 5.2% | |
IC10. Do you look after, or give any help or support to family members, friends, neighbours, or others because of either: (i) long-term physical or mental ill-health/disability? Or (ii) problems related to old age? | No | 61.8% | 60.7% | 68.0% | 63.3% |
Yes, 1–19 h a week | 30.0% | 31.7% | 25.3% | 22.1% | |
Yes, 20–49 h a week | 3.3% | 3.1% | 3.5% | 4.6% | |
Yes, 50 or more hours a week | 4.8% | 4.5% | 3.3% | 10.0% | |
IC11. In the last 28 days, how often have you been physically active? | Not at all | 4.6% | 3.4% | 5.0% | 14.9% |
Less than once a week | 5.7% | 4.5% | 8.5% | 12.3% | |
About once a week | 13.3% | 11.9% | 18.7% | 18.9% | |
More than once a week | 76.4% | 80.2% | 67.8% | 53.9% | |
IC12. Do you currently do any voluntary, unpaid work in your community (not including any support you give to family members)? Yes | 26.7% | 29.5% | 18.3% | 13.5% | |
IC13. Have you experienced, witnessed, or heard about any form of discrimination in the last 12 months? Yes | 29.3% | 28.0% | 36.3% | 31.5% | |
Living circumstances | |||||
LC1. Overall, how satisfied are you with the state of repair of your home? | Very dissatisfied | 1.4% | 0.9% | 2.5% | 5.2% |
Fairly dissatisfied | 6.4% | 5.7% | 8.9% | 10.0% | |
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 7.5% | 6.6% | 11.2% | 10.3% | |
Fairly satisfied | 45.8% | 47.2% | 38.8% | 43.3% | |
Very satisfied | 38.8% | 39.6% | 38.6% | 31.2% | |
LC2. Do you think the quality of your home has a negative impact on your health? | A very negative impact | 2.9% | 2.3% | 3.5% | 8.0% |
A fairly negative impact | 8.4% | 7.6% | 10.8% | 12.3% | |
Not a very big impact | 18.6% | 17.5% | 23.6% | 21.2% | |
No impact at all | 70.1% | 72.7% | 62.2% | 58.5% | |
LC3. How much of a problem is it to find money to pay utility bills, i.e., electricity, gas, water, etc.? | A very big problem | 2.3% | 1.4% | 6.0% | 5.2% |
A fairly big problem | 12.2% | 10.0% | 21.4% | 18.3% | |
Not a very big problem | 30.8% | 29.1% | 37.1% | 37.8% | |
Not a problem at all | 54.7% | 59.5% | 35.5% | 38.7% | |
Neighbourhood circumstances | |||||
NC1. Index of multiple deprivation decile | 1—Most deprived | 3.5% | 2.0% | 6.0% | 12.9% |
2 | 6.4% | 5.3% | 8.3% | 14.0% | |
3 | 15.3% | 14.0% | 16.8% | 24.6% | |
4 | 28.3% | 29.6% | 24.3% | 22.3% | |
5 | 20.4% | 20.5% | 21.6% | 17.2% | |
6 | 13.3% | 14.2% | 12.9% | 5.2% | |
7 | 7.6% | 8.5% | 5.4% | 2.3% | |
8 | 4.5% | 4.9% | 4.1% | 1.4% | |
9 | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.0% | |
10—Least deprived | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
NC2. Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your local area as a place to live? | Very dissatisfied | 2.5% | 2.5% | 1.9% | 3.7% |
Fairly dissatisfied | 5.6% | 5.0% | 6.8% | 8.9% | |
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 7.7% | 7.1% | 11.2% | 8.3% | |
Fairly satisfied | 44.7% | 45.1% | 44.6% | 41.3% | |
Very satisfied | 39.6% | 40.4% | 35.5% | 37.8% | |
NC3. Most needs improving—a sense of community | 8.0% | 8.1% | 7.7% | 7.7% | |
NC4. Most needs improving—access to affordable childcare | 6.1% | 5.2% | 8.3% | 11.2% | |
NC5. Most needs improving—access to nature | 3.0% | 3.0% | 2.7% | 2.6% | |
NC6. Most needs improving—activities for teenagers | 18.9% | 19.3% | 14.7% | 21.8% | |
NC7. Most needs improving—affordable decent housing | 37.8% | 37.0% | 45.4% | 34.1% | |
NC8. Most needs improving—care for children and young people | 6.3% | 6.5% | 5.8% | 5.2% | |
NC9. Most needs improving—care for the frail and elderly | 30.3% | 32.6% | 19.9% | 24.6% | |
NC10. Most needs improving—clean streets | 13.7% | 13.8% | 12.7% | 13.5% | |
NC11. Most needs improving—community activities | 5.8% | 5.4% | 6.8% | 8.3% | |
NC12. Most needs improving—cultural activities | 9.0% | 8.7% | 11.0% | 8.6% | |
NC13. Most needs improving—education provision | 8.9% | 9.6% | 6.0% | 6.3% | |
NC14. Most needs improving—facilities for young children | 5.5% | 4.5% | 6.8% | 12.3% | |
NC15. Most needs improving—GP services (National Health Service) | 27.2% | 28.2% | 24.5% | 22.3% | |
NC16. Most needs improving—hospital services (National Health Service) | 33.0% | 35.4% | 26.6% | 21.2% | |
NC17. Most needs improving—job prospects | 26.9% | 26.4% | 30.3% | 27.2% | |
NC18. Most needs improving—parks and open spaces | 6.5% | 6.4% | 6.4% | 7.4% | |
NC19. Most needs improving—public transport | 26.1% | 26.8% | 24.1% | 22.9% | |
NC20. Most needs improving—road and pavement repairs | 37.7% | 40.0% | 31.5% | 25.2% | |
NC21. Most needs improving—shopping facilities | 9.7% | 9.7% | 9.7% | 9.7% | |
NC22. Most needs improving—sports and leisure facilities | 8.3% | 8.4% | 9.5% | 6.0% | |
NC23. Most needs improving—the level of crime | 10.9% | 10.7% | 10.0% | 14.0% | |
NC24. Most needs improving—the level of pollution | 4.9% | 5.5% | 4.2% | 0.9% | |
NC25. Most needs improving—the level of traffic congestion | 29.3% | 31.4% | 22.2% | 20.6% | |
NC26. Most needs improving—wage levels and the cost of living | 32.0% | 30.3% | 43.2% | 30.9% | |
NC27. Do you agree or disagree that the council and the police are dealing with anti-social behaviour and crime issues that matter in your local area? | Strongly disagree | 9.8% | 9.2% | 11.0% | 13.2% |
Tend to disagree | 19.9% | 20.1% | 19.7% | 18.3% | |
Neither agree nor disagree | 25.7% | 26.0% | 25.1% | 23.8% | |
Tend to agree | 38.6% | 39.7% | 36.3% | 32.1% | |
Strongly agree | 6.1% | 5.1% | 7.9% | 12.6% | |
NC28. How safe or unsafe do you feel when outside in your local area during the day? | Very unsafe | 1.0% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 2.9% |
Fairly unsafe | 3.1% | 2.8% | 2.9% | 6.0% | |
Neither safe nor unsafe | 7.2% | 6.7% | 6.9% | 12.0% | |
Fairly safe | 39.3% | 39.1% | 41.5% | 38.1% | |
Very safe | 49.4% | 50.6% | 47.7% | 41.0% | |
NC29. How safe or unsafe do you feel when outside in your local area after dark? | Very unsafe | 5.7% | 4.8% | 7.3% | 11.7% |
Fairly unsafe | 12.8% | 11.9% | 15.6% | 17.5% | |
Neither safe nor unsafe | 14.5% | 14.6% | 14.5% | 14.3% | |
Fairly safe | 43.4% | 44.5% | 41.5% | 36.7% | |
Very safe | 23.5% | 24.3% | 21.0% | 19.8% | |
NC30. In your local area, how much of a problem is—street drinking or drunken behaviour in public places? | A very big problem | 11.0% | 9.9% | 15.1% | 15.2% |
A fairly big problem | 25.5% | 25.6% | 25.9% | 23.5% | |
Not a very big problem | 40.7% | 41.6% | 39.8% | 33.5% | |
Not a problem at all | 22.9% | 22.9% | 19.3% | 27.8% | |
NC31. In your local area, how much of a problem is—people using or dealing drugs? | A very big problem | 13.5% | 12.1% | 18.9% | 18.9% |
A fairly big problem | 26.1% | 26.8% | 24.5% | 22.6% | |
Not a very big problem | 35.0% | 35.9% | 33.6% | 28.9% | |
Not a problem at all | 25.3% | 25.2% | 23.0% | 29.5% | |
NC32. In your local area, how much of a problem is—begging, vagrancy, or homeless people on the streets? | A very big problem | 9.3% | 8.5% | 12.4% | 11.5% |
A fairly big problem | 16.9% | 17.2% | 16.6% | 15.2% | |
Not a very big problem | 35.1% | 35.7% | 35.9% | 28.4% | |
Not a problem at all | 38.7% | 38.6% | 35.1% | 45.0% | |
NC33. In your local area, how much of a problem is—people being intimidated, verbally abused, or harassed? | A very big problem | 5.2% | 4.0% | 9.1% | 9.7% |
A fairly big problem | 11.4% | 10.6% | 14.7% | 13.8% | |
Not a very big problem | 43.2% | 44.5% | 39.2% | 37.8% | |
Not a problem at all | 40.2% | 40.9% | 37.1% | 38.7% | |
NC34. In your local area, how much of a problem is—theft? | A very big problem | 5.5% | 4.5% | 10.2% | 7.2% |
A fairly big problem | 22.6% | 22.1% | 22.4% | 28.1% | |
Not a very big problem | 54.6% | 57.3% | 49.8% | 37.2% | |
Not a problem at all | 17.3% | 16.1% | 17.6% | 27.5% | |
NC35. In your local area, how much of a problem is—vandalism, criminal damage, or graffiti? | A very big problem | 7.8% | 6.7% | 12.0% | 11.5% |
A fairly big problem | 23.7% | 23.9% | 23.2% | 22.9% | |
Not a very big problem | 48.7% | 50.4% | 43.1% | 41.0% | |
Not a problem at all | 19.9% | 19.0% | 21.8% | 24.6% | |
NC36. In your local area, how much of a problem is—loud music or other noise? | A very big problem | 5.5% | 4.5% | 8.5% | 10.6% |
A fairly big problem | 13.3% | 12.8% | 14.3% | 16.0% | |
Not a very big problem | 51.7% | 53.6% | 48.1% | 39.8% | |
Not a problem at all | 29.5% | 29.1% | 29.2% | 33.5% | |
NC37. In your local area, how much of a problem is—environmental nuisance? | A very big problem | 17.9% | 17.3% | 19.9% | 20.9% |
A fairly big problem | 39.0% | 40.5% | 33.2% | 34.4% | |
Not a very big problem | 33.4% | 34.0% | 34.0% | 27.5% | |
Not a problem at all | 9.6% | 8.3% | 12.9% | 17.2% | |
NC38. In your local area, how much of a problem is—vehicle-related nuisance? | A very big problem | 11.2% | 10.6% | 13.3% | 14.3% |
A fairly big problem | 22.7% | 23.2% | 19.9% | 21.8% | |
Not a very big problem | 42.9% | 44.2% | 41.3% | 33.8% | |
Not a problem at all | 23.2% | 22.1% | 25.5% | 30.1% | |
NC39. In your local area, how much of a problem is—out of control or dangerous dogs? | A very big problem | 2.5% | 2.2% | 3.1% | 4.0% |
A fairly big problem | 7.7% | 7.5% | 7.5% | 10.0% | |
Not a very big problem | 48.4% | 50.7% | 41.3% | 37.2% | |
Not a problem at all | 41.4% | 39.5% | 48.1% | 48.7% | |
NC40. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your local area is a place where people from different backgrounds get on well together? | Strongly disagree | 1.6% | 1.3% | 1.9% | 4.0% |
Tend to disagree | 6.6% | 6.2% | 8.7% | 7.2% | |
Neither agree nor disagree | 27.5% | 27.1% | 28.4% | 29.8% | |
Tend to agree | 52.3% | 53.7% | 48.8% | 44.1% | |
Strongly agree | 12.0% | 11.7% | 12.2% | 14.9% | |
NC41. In your local area, how much of a problem do you think there is with people not treating each other with respect and consideration? | A very big problem | 2.7% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 6.3% |
A fairly big problem | 11.1% | 9.5% | 16.6% | 17.2% | |
Not a very big problem | 58.3% | 59.2% | 55.4% | 54.2% | |
Not a problem at all | 27.9% | 28.9% | 25.7% | 22.3% |
Appendix B
Complete Responses | Missing Responses | Number Missing | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual Circumstances | n = 4085 | n = 7162 | n = 7162 | |
IC1. Age group | 16–17 y | 1.7% | 2.0% | 282 |
18–24 y | 3.6% | 3.9% | ||
25–34 y | 8.7% | 6.4% | ||
35–44 y | 12.9% | 7.9% | ||
45–54 y | 19.3% | 12.9% | ||
55–64 y | 22.5% | 17.3% | ||
65–74 y | 22.2% | 26.3% | ||
75–84 y | 7.4% | 17.1% | ||
85+ y | 1.7% | 6.1% | ||
IC2. Gender | Female | 52.3% | 58.7% | 383 |
Male | 47.7% | 41.3% | ||
IC3. Ethnicity | White | 98.9% | 98.6% | 359 |
Other | 1.1% | 1.4% | ||
IC4. Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) score | 24.56 ± 4.64 | 24.40 ± 4.97 | 639 | |
IC5. How is your health in general? | Very bad | 1.1% | 2.1% | 210 |
Bad | 4.7% | 7.7% | ||
Fair | 19.2% | 26.8% | ||
Good | 45.4% | 40.5% | ||
Very good | 29.5% | 22.9% | ||
IC6. Are your day-to-day activities limited because of a health problem or disability that has lasted, or is expected to last, at least 12 months (including problems related to old age)? | No | 71.7% | 60.0% | 287 |
Yes, limited a little | 18.8% | 23.5% | ||
Yes, limited a lot | 9.6% | 16.5% | ||
IC7. Thinking about how much contact that you have had with people you like, which of the following statements best describes your social situation? | I have as much social contact as I want | 61.4% | 55.9% | 231 |
I have adequate contact with people | 28.2% | 32.0% | ||
I have some social contact with people, but not enough | 8.2% | 8.9% | ||
I have little social contact with people and feel social isolated | 2.2% | 3.2% | ||
IC8. All things considered, how satisfied are you with your quality of life as a whole nowadays? | 1—Exceptionally dissatisfied | 1.2% | 1.7% | 227 |
2 | 1.9% | 2.0% | ||
3 | 2.8% | 3.3% | ||
4 | 2.8% | 3.2% | ||
5 | 6.8% | 8.5% | ||
6 | 6.9% | 6.9% | ||
7 | 14.4% | 14.1% | ||
8 | 29.1% | 26.5% | ||
9 | 21.7% | 18.7% | ||
10—Exceptionally satisfied | 12.4% | 15.2% | ||
IC9. Compared to 12 months ago, would you say your quality of life has… | Decreased significantly | 3.6% | 5.0% | 274 |
Decreased to some extent | 19.0% | 21.5% | ||
Stayed about the same | 55.7% | 56.7% | ||
Increased to some extent | 16.6% | 12.2% | ||
Increased significantly | 5.1% | 4.6% | ||
IC10. Do you look after, or give any help or support to family members, friends, neighbours, or others because of either: i) long-term physical or mental ill-health/disability? Or ii) problems related to old age? | No | 61.8% | 66.6% | 444 |
Yes, 1–19 h a week | 30.0% | 24.1% | ||
Yes, 20–49 h a week | 3.3% | 3.5% | ||
Yes, 50 or more hours a week | 4.8% | 5.9% | ||
IC11. In the last 28 days, how often have you been physically active? | Not at all | 4.6% | 9.7% | 313 |
Less than once a week | 5.7% | 6.3% | ||
About once a week | 13.3% | 13.6% | ||
More than once a week | 76.4% | 70.3% | ||
IC12. Do you currently do any voluntary, unpaid work in your community (not including any support you give to family members)? Yes | 26.7% | 20.3% | 249 | |
IC13. Have you experienced, witnessed, or heard about any form of discrimination in the last 12 months? Yes | 29.3% | 19.2% | 1228 | |
Living circumstances | ||||
LC0. Tenure | Owner occupier | 78.8% | 78.1% | 471 |
Private renter | 12.7% | 10.4% | ||
Social housing resident | 8.5% | 11.4% | ||
LC1. Overall, how satisfied are you with the state of repair of your home? | Very dissatisfied | 1.4% | 1.8% | 245 |
Fairly dissatisfied | 6.4% | 5.2% | ||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 7.5% | 7.3% | ||
Fairly satisfied | 45.8% | 42.6% | ||
Very satisfied | 38.8% | 43.2% | ||
LC2. Do you think the quality of your home has a negative impact on your health? | A very negative impact | 2.9% | 4.6% | 776 |
A fairly negative impact | 8.4% | 7.5% | ||
Not a very big impact | 18.6% | 17.2% | ||
No impact at all | 70.1% | 70.7% | ||
LC3. How much of a problem is it to find money to pay utility bills i.e., electricity, gas, water, etc.? | A very big problem | 2.3% | 2.9% | 1085 |
A fairly big problem | 12.2% | 12.0% | ||
Not a very big problem | 30.8% | 28.3% | ||
Not a problem at all | 54.7% | 56.8% | ||
Neighbourhood circumstances | ||||
NC1. Index of multiple deprivation decile | 1—Most deprived | 3.5% | 3.5% | 1 |
2 | 6.4% | 7.5% | ||
3 | 15.3% | 14.8% | ||
4 | 28.3% | 29.9% | ||
5 | 20.4% | 20.8% | ||
6 | 13.3% | 10.6% | ||
7 | 7.6% | 7.5% | ||
8 | 4.5% | 4.6% | ||
9 | 0.8% | 0.8% | ||
10—Least deprived | 0.0% | 0.0% | ||
NC2. Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your local area as a place to live? | Very dissatisfied | 2.5% | 3.2% | 142 |
Fairly dissatisfied | 5.6% | 5.9% | ||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 7.7% | 8.3% | ||
Fairly satisfied | 44.7% | 43.3% | ||
Very satisfied | 39.6% | 39.2% | ||
NC3. Most needs improving—a sense of community | 8.0% | 7.1% | 0 | |
NC4. Most needs improving—access to affordable childcare | 6.1% | 5.1% | 0 | |
NC5. Most needs improving—access to nature | 3.0% | 3.0% | 0 | |
NC6. Most needs improving—activities for teenagers | 18.9% | 16.5% | 0 | |
NC7. Most needs improving—affordable decent housing | 37.8% | 30.3% | 0 | |
NC8. Most needs improving—care for children and young people | 6.3% | 5.3% | 0 | |
NC9. Most needs improving—care for the frail and elderly | 30.3% | 27.7% | 0 | |
NC10. Most needs improving—clean streets | 13.7% | 14.9% | 0 | |
NC11. Most needs improving—community activities | 5.8% | 5.7% | 0 | |
NC12. Most needs improving—cultural activities | 9.0% | 7.8% | 0 | |
NC13. Most needs improving—education provision | 8.9% | 6.9% | 0 | |
NC14. Most needs improving—facilities for young children | 5.5% | 5.1% | 0 | |
NC15. Most needs improving—GP services (NHS) | 27.2% | 23.8% | 0 | |
NC16. Most needs improving—hospital services (NHS) | 33.0% | 28.8% | 0 | |
NC17. Most needs improving—job prospects | 26.9% | 21.2% | 0 | |
NC18. Most needs improving—parks and open spaces | 6.5% | 5.9% | 0 | |
NC19. Most needs improving—public transport | 26.1% | 23.2% | 0 | |
NC20. Most needs improving—road and pavement repairs | 37.7% | 34.7% | 0 | |
NC21. Most needs improving—shopping facilities | 9.7% | 9.5% | 0 | |
NC22. Most needs improving—sports and leisure facilities | 8.3% | 6.3% | 0 | |
NC23. Most needs improving—the level of crime | 10.9% | 10.3% | 0 | |
NC24. Most needs improving—the level of pollution | 4.9% | 5.6% | 0 | |
NC25. Most needs improving—the level of traffic congestion | 29.3% | 27.6% | 0 | |
NC26. Most needs improving—wage levels and the cost of living | 32.0% | 25.3% | 0 | |
NC27. Do you agree or disagree that the council and the police are dealing with anti-social behaviour and crime issues that matter in your local area? | Strongly disagree | 9.8% | 9.5% | 1846 |
Tend to disagree | 19.9% | 18.3% | ||
Neither agree nor disagree | 25.7% | 30.0% | ||
Tend to agree | 38.6% | 35.4% | ||
Strongly agree | 6.1% | 6.9% | ||
NC28. How safe or unsafe do you feel when outside in your local area during the day? | Very unsafe | 1.0% | 1.5% | 307 |
Fairly unsafe | 3.1% | 3.6% | ||
Neither safe nor unsafe | 7.2% | 9.4% | ||
Fairly safe | 39.3% | 42.7% | ||
Very safe | 49.4% | 42.8% | ||
NC29. How safe or unsafe do you feel when outside in your local area after dark? | Very unsafe | 5.7% | 6.7% | 1235 |
Fairly unsafe | 12.8% | 13.1% | ||
Neither safe nor unsafe | 14.5% | 17.5% | ||
Fairly safe | 43.4% | 40.9% | ||
Very safe | 23.5% | 21.8% | ||
NC30. In your local area, how much of a problem is—street drinking or drunken behaviour in public places? | A very big problem | 11.0% | 11.9% | 1568 |
A fairly big problem | 25.5% | 25.7% | ||
Not a very big problem | 40.7% | 39.0% | ||
Not a problem at all | 22.9% | 23.4% | ||
NC31. In your local area, how much of a problem is—people using or dealing drugs? | A very big problem | 13.5% | 18.2% | 2762 |
A fairly big problem | 26.1% | 28.5% | ||
Not a very big problem | 35.0% | 26.9% | ||
Not a problem at all | 25.3% | 26.3% | ||
NC32. In your local area, how much of a problem is—begging, vagrancy, or homeless people on the streets? | A very big problem | 9.3% | 10.9% | 1524 |
A fairly big problem | 16.9% | 18.9% | ||
Not a very big problem | 35.1% | 31.5% | ||
Not a problem at all | 38.7% | 38.7% | ||
NC33. In your local area, how much of a problem is—people being intimidated, verbally abused, or harassed? | A very big problem | 5.2% | 6.4% | 2473 |
A fairly big problem | 11.4% | 13.1% | ||
Not a very big problem | 43.2% | 36.3% | ||
Not a problem at all | 40.2% | 44.1% | ||
NC34. In your local area, how much of a problem is—theft? | A very big problem | 5.5% | 7.5% | 2326 |
A fairly big problem | 22.6% | 23.6% | ||
Not a very big problem | 54.6% | 49.2% | ||
Not a problem at all | 17.3% | 19.7% | ||
NC35. In your local area, how much of a problem is—vandalism, criminal damage, or graffiti? | A very big problem | 7.8% | 8.3% | 1846 |
A fairly big problem | 23.7% | 24.4% | ||
Not a very big problem | 48.7% | 44.6% | ||
Not a problem at all | 19.9% | 22.7% | ||
NC36. In your local area, how much of a problem is—loud music or other noise? | A very big problem | 5.5% | 6.7% | 1493 |
A fairly big problem | 13.3% | 14.0% | ||
Not a very big problem | 51.7% | 45.4% | ||
Not a problem at all | 29.5% | 33.9% | ||
NC37. In your local area, how much of a problem is—environmental nuisance? | A very big problem | 17.9% | 19.3% | 781 |
A fairly big problem | 39.0% | 36.5% | ||
Not a very big problem | 33.4% | 33.1% | ||
Not a problem at all | 9.6% | 11.1% | ||
NC38. In your local area, how much of a problem is—vehicle-related nuisance? | A very big problem | 11.2% | 13.6% | 1321 |
A fairly big problem | 22.7% | 22.2% | ||
Not a very big problem | 42.9% | 39.8% | ||
Not a problem at all | 23.2% | 24.4% | ||
NC39. In your local area, how much of a problem is—out of control or dangerous dogs? | A very big problem | 2.5% | 4.0% | 1888 |
A fairly big problem | 7.7% | 8.8% | ||
Not a very big problem | 48.4% | 40.5% | ||
Not a problem at all | 41.4% | 46.8% | ||
NC40. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your local area is a place where people from different backgrounds get on well together? | Strongly disagree | 1.6% | 1.8% | 1431 |
Tend to disagree | 6.6% | 5.9% | ||
Neither agree nor disagree | 27.5% | 31.4% | ||
Tend to agree | 52.3% | 48.5% | ||
Strongly agree | 12.0% | 12.4% | ||
NC41. In your local area, how much of a problem do you think there is with people not treating each other with respect and consideration? | A very big problem | 2.7% | 3.0% | 1152 |
A fairly big problem | 11.1% | 11.2% | ||
Not a very big problem | 58.3% | 51.8% | ||
Not a problem at all | 27.9% | 33.9% |
Appendix C
Individual Circumstances | Mean | SD | Area Circumstances (Cont.) | Mean | SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IC1. Age group | 16–17 y | 24.26 | 5.05 | NC10. Most needs improving—clean streets | No | 24.57 | 4.65 |
18–24 y | 24.18 | 4.48 | Yes | 24.50 | 4.60 | ||
25–34 y | 24.32 | 4.72 | NC11. Most needs improving—community activities | No | 24.57 | 4.63 | |
35–44 y | 24.40 | 4.81 | Yes | 24.39 | 4.75 | ||
45–54 y | 24.31 | 4.92 | NC12. Most needs improving—cultural activities | No | 24.58 | 4.65 | |
55–64 y | 24.37 | 4.60 | Yes | 24.37 | 4.55 | ||
65–74 y | 25.17 | 4.26 | NC13. Most needs improving—education provision | No | 24.52 | 4.66 | |
75–84 y | 24.91 | 4.67 | Yes | 24.97 | 4.40 | ||
85 + y | 23.83 | 4.09 | NC14. Most needs improving—facilities for young children | No | 24.57 | 4.62 | |
IC2. Gender | Female | 24.69 | 4.80 | Yes | 24.37 | 4.99 | |
Male | 24.41 | 4.46 | NC15. Most needs improving—GP services (NHS) | No | 24.58 | 4.63 | |
IC3. Ethnicity | White | 24.56 | 4.64 | Yes | 24.49 | 4.68 | |
Other | 24.26 | 4.43 | NC16. Most needs improving—hospital services (NHS) | No | 24.50 | 4.70 | |
IC5. How is your health in general? | Very bad | 18.39 | 4.37 | Yes | 24.66 | 4.52 | |
Bad | 19.97 | 4.22 | NC17. Most needs improving—job prospects | No | 24.57 | 4.69 | |
Fair | 22.72 | 3.95 | Yes | 24.52 | 4.50 | ||
Good | 24.60 | 4.12 | NC18. Most needs improving—parks and open spaces | No | 24.58 | 4.62 | |
Very good | 26.67 | 4.65 | Yes | 24.29 | 4.91 | ||
IC6. Are your day-to-day activities limited because of a health problem or disability that has lasted, or is expected to last, at least 12 months (including problems related to old age)? | No | 25.26 | 4.47 | NC19. Most needs improving—public transport | No | 24.54 | 4.65 |
Yes, limited a little | 23.72 | 4.43 | Yes | 24.61 | 4.63 | ||
Yes, limited a lot | 20.93 | 4.35 | NC20. Most needs improving—road and pavement repairs | No | 24.44 | 4.76 | |
Yes | 24.74 | 4.43 | |||||
IC7. Thinking about how much contact that you have had with people you like, which of the following statements best describes your social situation? | I have as much social contact as I want | 25.99 | 4.48 | NC21. Most needs improving—shopping facilities | No | 24.63 | 4.67 |
Yes | 23.85 | 4.32 | |||||
I have adequate contact with people | 23.00 | 3.67 | NC22. Most needs improving—sports and leisure facilities | No | 24.56 | 4.64 | |
Yes | 24.53 | 4.70 | |||||
I have some social contact with people, but not enough | 20.91 | 3.66 | NC23. Most needs improving—the level of crime | No | 24.60 | 4.62 | |
Yes | 24.19 | 4.77 | |||||
I have little social contact with people and feel social isolated | 18.13 | 4.42 | NC24. Most needs improving—the level of pollution | No | 24.56 | 4.66 | |
Yes | 24.47 | 4.30 | |||||
IC8. All things considered, how satisfied are you with your quality of life as a whole nowadays? | 1—Exceptionally dissatisfied | 23.30 | 8.56 | NC25. Most needs improving—the level of traffic congestion | No | 24.57 | 4.71 |
2 | 22.75 | 5.93 | |||||
3 | 20.74 | 4.05 | Yes | 24.53 | 4.48 | ||
4 | 19.29 | 2.82 | NC26. Most needs improving—wage levels and the cost of living | No | 24.62 | 4.65 | |
5 | 20.68 | 2.88 | Yes | 24.42 | 4.61 | ||
6 | 21.37 | 3.29 | NC27. Do you agree or disagree that the council and the police are dealing with anti-social behaviour and crime issues that matter in your local area? | Very dissatisfied | 23.62 | 5.02 | |
7 | 22.61 | 3.23 | Fairly dissatisfied | 23.95 | 4.45 | ||
8 | 24.33 | 3.33 | Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 24.00 | 4.46 | ||
9 | 26.75 | 3.72 | Fairly satisfied | 25.24 | 4.50 | ||
10—Exceptionally satisfied | 29.86 | 4.27 | Very satisfied | 26.05 | 5.26 | ||
IC9. Compared to 12 months ago, would you say your quality of life has… | Decreased significantly | 20.13 | 4.19 | NC28. How safe or unsafe do you feel when outside in your local area during the day? | Very unsafe | 21.02 | 5.68 |
Decreased to some extent | 22.45 | 3.99 | Fairly unsafe | 22.18 | 4.24 | ||
Stayed about the same | 24.98 | 4.51 | Neither safe nor unsafe | 23.04 | 4.80 | ||
Increased to some extent | 25.63 | 4.33 | Fairly safe | 23.81 | 4.44 | ||
Increased significantly | 27.46 | 4.75 | Very safe | 25.59 | 4.52 | ||
IC10. Do you look after, or give any help or support to family members, friends, neighbours, or others because of either: (i) long-term physical or mental ill-health/disability? Or (ii) problems related to old age? | No | 24.57 | 4.70 | NC29. How safe or unsafe do you feel when outside in your local area after dark? | Very unsafe | 22.68 | 5.13 |
Yes, 1–19 h a week | 24.74 | 4.54 | Fairly unsafe | 23.54 | 4.62 | ||
Yes, 20–49 h a week | 23.69 | 4.02 | Neither safe nor unsafe | 23.28 | 4.46 | ||
Yes, 50 or more hours a week | 23.83 | 4.83 | |||||
Fairly safe | 24.70 | 4.39 | |||||
Very safe | 26.09 | 4.59 | |||||
IC11. In the last 28 days, how often have you been physically active? | Not at all | 21.80 | 5.04 | NC30. In your local area, how much of a problem is—street drinking or drunken behaviour in public places? | A very big problem | 23.81 | 5.00 |
Less than once a week | 22.26 | 4.79 | A fairly big problem | 24.22 | 4.46 | ||
About once a week | 23.70 | 4.43 | Not a very big problem | 24.49 | 4.43 | ||
More than once a week | 25.05 | 4.51 | Not a problem at all | 25.42 | 4.90 | ||
IC12. Do you currently do any voluntary, unpaid work in your community (not including any support you give to family members)? | No | 24.38 | 4.68 | NC31. In your local area, how much of a problem is—people using or dealing drugs? | A very big problem | 23.91 | 5.21 |
A fairly big problem | 24.23 | 4.40 | |||||
Yes | 25.05 | 4.50 | Not a very big problem | 24.47 | 4.36 | ||
Not a problem at all | 25.36 | 4.84 | |||||
IC13. Have you experienced, witnessed, or heard about any form of discrimination in the last 12 months? | No | 24.88 | 4.60 | NC32. In your local area, how much of a problem is—begging, vagrancy, or homeless people on the streets? | A very big problem | 23.99 | 4.83 |
A fairly big problem | 24.14 | 4.56 | |||||
Yes | 23.77 | 4.65 | Not a very big problem | 24.39 | 4.38 | ||
Not a problem at all | 25.03 | 4.82 | |||||
Living circumstances | |||||||
LC1. Overall, how satisfied are you with the state of repair of your home? | Very dissatisfied | 21.40 | 6.35 | NC33. In your local area, how much of a problem is—people being intimidated, verbally abused, or harassed? | A very big problem | 23.74 | 5.27 |
Fairly dissatisfied | 22.71 | 4.58 | A fairly big problem | 23.39 | 4.59 | ||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 22.57 | 4.02 | Not a very big problem | 24.36 | 4.33 | ||
Fairly satisfied | 24.08 | 4.20 | Not a problem at all | 25.20 | 4.79 | ||
Very satisfied | 25.93 | 4.77 | |||||
LC2. Do you think the quality of your home has a negative impact on your health? | A very negative impact | 22.92 | 6.30 | NC34. In your local area, how much of a problem is—theft? | A very big problem | 23.48 | 5.20 |
A fairly negative impact | 22.27 | 4.06 | A fairly big problem | 24.01 | 4.58 | ||
Not a very big impact | 23.00 | 4.03 | Not a very big problem | 24.65 | 4.36 | ||
No impact at all | 25.31 | 4.57 | Not a problem at all | 25.33 | 5.22 | ||
LC3. How much of a problem is it to find money to pay utility bills i.e., electricity, gas, water, etc.? | A very big problem | 22.05 | 5.46 | NC35. In your local area, how much of a problem is—vandalism, criminal damage, or graffiti? | A very big problem | 23.51 | 5.00 |
A fairly big problem | 22.27 | 4.25 | A fairly big problem | 24.07 | 4.52 | ||
Not a very big problem | 23.63 | 4.19 | Not a very big problem | 24.60 | 4.37 | ||
Not a problem at all | 25.69 | 4.59 | Not a problem at all | 25.44 | 5.09 | ||
Area circumstances | |||||||
NC1. Index of multiple deprivation decile | 1—most deprived | 23.57 | 4.95 | NC36. In your local area, how much of a problem is—loud music or other noise? | A very big problem | 23.50 | 5.13 |
2 | 24.07 | 5.26 | A fairly big problem | 23.76 | 4.70 | ||
3 | 24.01 | 4.58 | Not a very big problem | 24.41 | 4.33 | ||
4 | 24.71 | 4.54 | Not a problem at all | 25.38 | 4.91 | ||
5 | 24.81 | 4.64 | NC37. In your local area, how much of a problem is—environmental nuisance? | A very big problem | 24.19 | 4.85 | |
6 | 24.63 | 4.80 | A fairly big problem | 24.20 | 4.38 | ||
7 | 25.08 | 4.40 | Not a very big problem | 24.88 | 4.57 | ||
8 | 24.53 | 3.89 | Not a problem at all | 25.54 | 5.25 | ||
9 | 25.39 | 4.90 | NC38. In your local area, how much of a problem is—vehicle-related nuisance? | A very big problem | 23.78 | 4.89 | |
A fairly big problem | 24.09 | 4.62 | |||||
10—least deprived | - | - | Not a very big problem | 24.56 | 4.40 | ||
Not a problem at all | 25.39 | 4.85 | |||||
NC2. Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your local area as a place to live? | Very dissatisfied | 22.13 | 5.38 | NC39. In your local area, how much of a problem is—out of control or dangerous dogs? | A very big problem | 23.23 | 5.13 |
Fairly dissatisfied | 23.39 | 5.00 | A fairly big problem | 23.96 | 4.88 | ||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 23.12 | 4.68 | Not a very big problem | 24.34 | 4.32 | ||
Fairly satisfied | 24.17 | 4.32 | Not a problem at all | 25.00 | 4.88 | ||
Very satisfied | 25.59 | 4.65 | |||||
NC3. Most needs improving—a sense of community | No | 24.61 | 4.65 | NC40. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your local area is a place where people from different backgrounds get on well together? | Strongly disagree | 22.90 | 5.66 |
Yes | 23.98 | 4.50 | Tend to disagree | 23.23 | 5.00 | ||
NC4. Most needs improving—access to affordable childcare | No | 24.56 | 4.66 | Neither agree nor disagree | 23.73 | 4.55 | |
Yes | 24.53 | 4.39 | |||||
NC5. Most needs improving—access to nature | No | 24.57 | 4.64 | Tend to agree | 24.77 | 4.36 | |
Yes | 24.26 | 4.78 | |||||
NC6. Most needs improving—activities for teenagers | No | 24.54 | 4.69 | Strongly agree | 26.46 | 4.95 | |
Yes | 24.64 | 4.41 | |||||
NC7. Most needs improving—affordable decent housing | No | 24.64 | 4.78 | NC41. In your local area, how much of a problem do you think there is with people not treating each other with respect and consideration? | A very big problem | 22.02 | 5.64 |
Yes | 24.42 | 4.40 | A fairly big problem | 23.24 | 4.55 | ||
NC8. Most needs improving—care for children and young people | No | 24.54 | 4.65 | Not a very big problem | 24.26 | 4.33 | |
Yes | 24.87 | 4.48 | Not a problem at all | 25.95 | 4.83 | ||
NC9. Most needs improving—care for the frail and elderly | No | 24.55 | 4.77 | ||||
Yes | 24.58 | 4.33 |
Appendix D
Privately Owned | Private Rentals | Social Housing | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual Circumstances | Coef. | 95% CI | Coef. | 95%CI | Coef. | 95% CI | |
Intercept | 25.30 | 24.86 to 25.74 | 26.16 | 24.85 to 27.47 | 24.82 | 23.39 to 26.24 | |
IC1. Age group | 16–17 y | −3.42 | −6.62 to −0.22 | ||||
18–24 y | −1.87 | −3.26 to −0.47 | |||||
25–34 y | −1.16 | −2.27 to −0.05 | |||||
35–44 y | −1.22 | −2.33 to −0.10 | |||||
45–54 y | −1.07 | −2.19 to 0.04 | |||||
55–64 y | −1.11 | −2.26 to 0.04 | |||||
65–74 y | (ref) | ||||||
75–84 y | 2.03 | −0.05 to 4.11 | |||||
85+ y | −1.87 | −5.82 to 2.08 | |||||
IC5. How is your health in general? | Very bad | −1.37 | −2.82 to 0.09 | −3.34 | −6.62 to −0.05 | −4.25 | −6.33 to −2.17 |
Bad | −1.02 | −1.86 to −0.19 | −2.38 | −3.68 to −1.09 | −0.83 | −2.13 to 0.48 | |
Fair | −0.53 | −0.90 to −0.16 | −1.00 | −1.90 to −0.11 | −0.69 | −1.69 to 0.31 | |
Good | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||
Very good | 0.76 | 0.48 to 1.05 | 1.13 | 0.41 to 1.86 | 1.64 | 0.51 to 2.78 | |
IC6. Are your day-to-day activities limited because of a health problem or disability that has lasted, or is expected to last, at least 12 months (including problems related to old age)? | No | (ref) | |||||
Yes, limited a little | 0.48 | 0.13 to 0.83 | |||||
Yes, limited a lot | 0.29 | −0.32 to 0.89 | |||||
IC7. Thinking about how much contact that you have had with people you like, which of the following statements best describes your social situation? | I have as much social contact as I want | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | |||
I have adequate contact with people | −1.29 | −1.57 to −1.02 | −1.03 | −1.76 to −0.31 | −1.44 | −2.35 to −0.53 | |
I have some social contact with people, but not enough | −2.06 | −2.56 to −1.56 | −1.45 | −2.43 to −0.47 | −2.69 | −3.93 to −1.45 | |
I have little social contact with people and feel social isolated | −3.18 | −4.29 to −2.07 | −3.72 | −5.36 to −2.09 | −2.87 | −4.61 to −1.12 | |
IC8. All things considered, how satisfied are you with your quality of life as a whole nowadays? | 1—Exceptionally dissatisfied | 1.83 | 0.67 to 2.99 | −3.43 | −6.59 to −0.27 | −5.89 | −8.87 to −2.90 |
2 | 0.60 | −0.32 to 1.52 | −2.19 | −4.50 to 0.13 | −2.74 | −5.14 to −0.34 | |
3 | −1.58 | −2.42 to −0.74 | −1.61 | −3.28 to 0.07 | −4.82 | −6.58 to −3.06 | |
4 | −2.82 | −3.70 to −1.95 | −3.11 | −4.68 to −1.55 | −3.89 | −5.65 to −2.12 | |
5 | −1.96 | −2.53 to −1.40 | −2.63 | −3.82 to −1.44 | −1.89 | −3.23 to −0.55 | |
6 | −1.88 | −2.41 to −1.35 | −1.66 | −2.81 to −0.51 | −2.07 | −3.61 to −0.53 | |
7 | −1.19 | −1.57 to −0.81 | −1.55 | −2.48 to −0.63 | −0.46 | −1.74 to 0.83 | |
8 | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||
9 | 1.88 | 1.55 to 2.20 | 0.80 | −0.14 to 1.73 | 1.65 | 0.29 to 3.02 | |
10—Exceptionally satisfied | 4.44 | 4.02 to 4.85 | 3.84 | 2.72 to 4.96 | 4.27 | 2.79 to 5.75 | |
IC9. Compared to 12 months ago, would you say your quality of life has… | Decreased significantly | −1.62 | −2.41 to −0.83 | ||||
Decreased to some extent | −0.40 | −0.74 to −0.07 | |||||
Stayed about the same | (ref) | ||||||
Increased to some extent | 0.11 | −0.22 to 0.44 | |||||
Increased significantly | 0.99 | 0.42 to 1.56 | |||||
IC10. Do you look after, or give any help or support to family members, friends, neighbours, or others because of either: (i) long-term physical or mental ill-health/disability? Or (ii) problems related to old age? | No | (ref) | |||||
Yes, 1–19 h a week | 0.72 | 0.03 to 1.42 | |||||
Yes, 20–49 h a week | −1.00 | −2.65 to 0.64 | |||||
Yes, 50 or more hours a week | 0.77 | −0.93 to 2.47 | |||||
Living circumstances | |||||||
LC1. Overall, how satisfied are you with the state of repair of your home? | Very dissatisfied | −0.52 | −1.80 to 0.77 | ||||
Fairly dissatisfied | 0.08 | −0.47 to 0.63 | |||||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | −0.13 | −0.62 to 0.37 | |||||
Fairly satisfied | (ref) | ||||||
Very satisfied | 0.49 | 0.22 to 0.75 | |||||
LC2. Do you think the quality of your home has a negative impact on your health? | A very negative impact | −0.49 | −1.28 to 0.31 | ||||
A fairly negative impact | −0.66 | −1.15 to −0.17 | |||||
Not a very big impact | −0.25 | −0.59 to 0.09 | |||||
No impact at all | (ref) | ||||||
LC3. How much of a problem is it to find money to pay utility bills i.e., electricity, gas, water, etc.? | A very big problem | 0.25 | −0.76 to 1.27 | −1.36 | −2.82 to 0.10 | ||
A fairly big problem | −0.58 | −1.01 to −0.16 | −1.48 | −2.33 to −0.64 | |||
Not a very big problem | −0.67 | −0.95 to −0.40 | −0.93 | −1.64 to −0.23 | |||
Not a problem at all | (ref) | (ref) | |||||
Neighbourhood circumstances | |||||||
NC2. Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your local area as a place to live? | Very dissatisfied | −0.15 | −0.95 to 0.65 | 1.89 | −0.49 to 4.27 | ||
Fairly dissatisfied | 0.72 | 0.15 to 1.29 | 1.84 | 0.60 to 3.07 | |||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 0.11 | −0.37 to 0.59 | −0.14 | −1.14 to 0.87 | |||
Fairly satisfied | (ref) | (ref) | |||||
Very satisfied | −0.46 | −0.73 to −0.19 | 0.12 | −0.57 to 0.81 | |||
NC4. Most needs improving—access to affordable childcare | −0.31 | −0.56 to −0.07 | |||||
NC21. Most needs improving—shopping facilities | −0.47 | −0.87 to −0.08 | −1.09 | −2.36 to 0.17 | |||
NC22. Most needs improving—sports and leisure facilities | −1.27 | −2.29 to −0.26 | |||||
NC25. Most needs improving—the level of traffic congestion | −0.26 | −0.51 to −0.01 | |||||
NC26. Most needs improving—wage levels and the cost of living | 1.16 | 0.35 to 1.98 | |||||
NC27. Do you agree or disagree that the council and the police are dealing with anti-social behaviour and crime issues that matter in your local area? | Very dissatisfied | 0.02 | −0.47 to 0.51 | 0.34 | −1.04 to 1.73 | ||
Fairly dissatisfied | −0.09 | −0.43 to 0.24 | −0.41 | −1.57 to 0.75 | |||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | −0.39 | −0.69 to −0.09 | −1.49 | −2.52 to −0.46 | |||
Fairly satisfied | (ref) | (ref) | |||||
Very satisfied | 0.17 | −0.38 to 0.73 | −1.03 | −2.37 to 0.31 | |||
NC28. How safe or unsafe do you feel when outside in your local area during the day? | Very unsafe | −1.46 | −2.86 to −0.07 | −2.81 | −5.66 to 0.05 | ||
Fairly unsafe | −0.83 | −1.64 to −0.02 | −1.57 | −3.69 to 0.55 | |||
Neither safe nor unsafe | −0.35 | −0.88 to 0.17 | 1.16 | −0.49 to 2.81 | |||
Fairly safe | −0.26 | −0.53 to 0.02 | 0.46 | −0.63 to 1.54 | |||
Very safe | (ref) | (ref) | |||||
NC29. How safe or unsafe do you feel when outside in your local area after dark? | Very unsafe | 0.30 | −1.49 to 2.09 | ||||
Fairly unsafe | −1.70 | −3.02 to −0.39 | |||||
Neither safe nor unsafe | −1.04 | −2.38 to 0.30 | |||||
Fairly safe | 0.29 | −0.93 to 1.52 | |||||
Very safe | (ref) | ||||||
NC30. In your local area, how much of a problem is—street drinking or drunken behaviour in public places? | A very big problem | −0.48 | −1.82 to 0.87 | ||||
A fairly big problem | 1.16 | 0.08 to 2.23 | |||||
Not a very big problem | −0.45 | −1.45 to 0.55 | |||||
Not a problem at all | (ref) | ||||||
NC32. In your local area, how much of a problem is—begging, vagrancy, or homeless people on the streets? | A very big problem | 0.13 | −0.90 to 1.17 | ||||
A fairly big problem | −0.17 | −1.08 to 0.75 | |||||
Not a very big problem | 0.96 | 0.22 to 1.69 | |||||
Not a problem at all | (ref) | ||||||
NC36. In your local area, how much of a problem is—loud music or other noise? | A very big problem | 0.74 | 0.12 to 1.36 | ||||
A fairly big problem | 0.19 | −0.18 to 0.56 | |||||
Not a very big problem | (ref) | ||||||
Not a problem at all | 0.28 | −0.01 to 0.56 | |||||
NC39. In your local area, how much of a problem is—out of control or dangerous dogs? | A very big problem | −2.52 | −4.38 to −0.67 | ||||
A fairly big problem | −0.43 | −1.63 to 0.77 | |||||
Not a very big problem | −0.56 | −1.23 to 0.11 | |||||
Not a problem at all | (ref) | ||||||
NC40. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your local area is a place where people from different backgrounds get on well together? | Strongly disagree | 0.67 | −0.42 to 1.76 | ||||
Tend to disagree | 0.30 | −0.24 to 0.83 | |||||
Neither agree nor disagree | −0.14 | −0.42 to 0.15 | |||||
Tend to agree | (ref) | ||||||
Strongly agree | 0.72 | 0.32 to 1.12 | |||||
NC41. In your local area, how much of a problem do you think there is with people not treating each other with respect and consideration? | A very big problem | −0.70 | −1.55 to 0.15 | ||||
A fairly big problem | −0.15 | −0.60 to 0.29 | |||||
Not a very big problem | 0.47 | 0.17 to 0.76 | |||||
Not a problem at all | (ref) | ||||||
Adjusted R2 | 0.4550 | 0.4901 | 0.5598 |
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Sharpe, R.A.; Wyatt, K.M.; Williams, A.J. Do the Determinants of Mental Wellbeing Vary by Housing Tenure Status? Secondary Analysis of a 2017 Cross-Sectional Residents Survey in Cornwall, South West England. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073816
Sharpe RA, Wyatt KM, Williams AJ. Do the Determinants of Mental Wellbeing Vary by Housing Tenure Status? Secondary Analysis of a 2017 Cross-Sectional Residents Survey in Cornwall, South West England. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):3816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073816
Chicago/Turabian StyleSharpe, Richard A., Katrina M. Wyatt, and Andrew James Williams. 2022. "Do the Determinants of Mental Wellbeing Vary by Housing Tenure Status? Secondary Analysis of a 2017 Cross-Sectional Residents Survey in Cornwall, South West England" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 3816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073816