Short-Term Associations between Size-Fractioned Particles and Cardiopulmonary Function in COPD Patients: A Panel Study in Shanghai, China, during 2014–2021
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample and Data
2.2. Measures of Variables
2.3. Models and Data Analysis Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Regression Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Measurement |
---|---|
Age, years, mean ± SD | 73.6 ± 9.5 |
Gender, N (%) | |
Male | 171 (81.0%) |
Female | 40 (19.0%) |
BMI, Kg/m2, mean ± SD | 22.9 ± 3.6 |
Smoking status, N (%) | |
Never | 111 (52.6%) |
Former | 48 (22.8%) |
Current | 52 (24.6%) |
Medication use, N (%) | 171 (81.0%) |
Cardiopulmonary function measures, mean ± SD | |
FEV1, mL | 1094.3 ± 556.5 |
FVC, mL | 722.4 ± 689.5 |
LVEF, % | 64.5 ± 5.4 |
Exposure | Mean | SD | P25 | P50 | P75 | IQR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PNC, particles/cm3 | ||||||
0.01–0.1 μm | 4229.8 | 2310.6 | 2647.3 | 3769.1 | 5212.3 | 2565.0 |
0.1–0.3 μm | 2424.2 | 1279.5 | 1476.0 | 2182.3 | 3144.9 | 1668.9 |
0.3–1 μm | 275.6 | 206.1 | 127.9 | 227.9 | 362.8 | 234.9 |
1–2.5 μm | 4.4 | 12.2 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
2.5–10 μm | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Air pollutants, μg/m3 | ||||||
PM2.5 | 37.7 | 27.0 | 20.8 | 32.5 | 50.5 | 29.7 |
NO2 | 44.0 | 19.7 | 30.0 | 40.9 | 54.1 | 24.1 |
SO2 | 10.4 | 7.7 | 5.7 | 8.5 | 12.9 | 7.2 |
O3 (8 h mean) | 96.1 | 45.9 | 63.5 | 88.5 | 121.6 | 58.1 |
CO, mg/m3 | 0.78 | 0.29 | 0.59 | 0.74 | 0.92 | 0.33 |
Weather conditions | ||||||
Temperature, °C | 17.6 | 8.5 | 10.2 | 18.6 | 24.5 | 14.3 |
Relative humidity, % | 73.9 | 12.7 | 65.0 | 75.0 | 83.0 | 18.0 |
Wind Speed, m/s | 2.5 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 1.1 |
FEV1 (mL) | FVC (mL) | LVEF (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
PNC0.01–0.1 | −9.9 (−73.5, 53.7) | −78.4 (−129.1, −27.7) * | −0.6 (−1.5, 0.3) |
PNC0.1–0.3 | −97.5 (−186.1, −8.9) * | −41.6 (−110.8, 27.7) | −1.3 (−2.5, −0.1) * |
PNC0.3–1 | −119.5 (−223.2, −15.7) * | −4.1 (−77.8, 69.5) | −1.5 (−2.9, −0.2) * |
PNC1–2.5 | −10.0 (−41.6, 21.5) | −2.7 (−26.6, 21.2) | 0.1 (−0.3, 0.4) |
PNC2.5–10 | −32.4 (−71.8, 7.0) | −6.4 (−33.9, 21.2) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.5) |
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Zhou, L.; Tao, Y.; Su, X.; Chen, X.; Li, L.; Fu, Q.; Xie, J.; Chen, R. Short-Term Associations between Size-Fractioned Particles and Cardiopulmonary Function in COPD Patients: A Panel Study in Shanghai, China, during 2014–2021. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912473
Zhou L, Tao Y, Su X, Chen X, Li L, Fu Q, Xie J, Chen R. Short-Term Associations between Size-Fractioned Particles and Cardiopulmonary Function in COPD Patients: A Panel Study in Shanghai, China, during 2014–2021. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912473
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Lu, Yingmin Tao, Xiaozhen Su, Xiyin Chen, Liang Li, Qingyan Fu, Juan Xie, and Renjie Chen. 2022. "Short-Term Associations between Size-Fractioned Particles and Cardiopulmonary Function in COPD Patients: A Panel Study in Shanghai, China, during 2014–2021" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912473