Influence of Breastfeeding in the Adaptation of and Absenteeism of Infants in Early Childhood Centers: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting
2.2. Measurement
- Sociodemographic data, such as sex, age, number of siblings, duration of the child’s enrolment at the school, and who dropped off and picked up the infant from the center.
- The type of feeding: the type of lactation at birth, the age at which BF was stopped if it had been initiated and the age at which supplementary feeding was introduced.
- Adaptation of the infant to the center: To assess the adjustment of the infant to the center, the ECE childcare professionals were asked about negative behaviors [29] as (i) “wanting mother and father with him” during the childcare hours, (ii) “crying during the separation from the parents”, (iii) the frequency of crying during the childcare hours, as well as (iv) about the difficulties in the child’s interaction with their classmates. The parents were asked about negative behaviors [29] at the time of pick-up: (i) crying at the time of pick-up, (ii) showing dependency behaviors, as “not leaving the family member/caregiver who picked them up”, being aggressive or extremely sad, and (iii) about positive behavior [29] as (i) being happy at the time of pick-up, (ii) saying good-bye to the teacher and if they thought this behavior was normal. Likewise, they were asked for a personal assessment of the degree of adaptation of the infant to the school.
- School absenteeism: The number of times the infant had been absent due to illness, average days of absence, and type of pathology that had caused the absences were assessed. Data were also collected on the existence of chronic disease or allergies that could interfere with the frequency of absenteeism of the child.
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total N = 160 | IF N = 15 | BF 0–6 Months N = 70 | BF 6–12 Months N = 37 | BF >12 Months N = 38 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AGE (MONTHS) | ||||||
Median [IQR] | 26 (19–31) | 30 (24–35) | 24 (18–30) | 24 (13–31) | 27 (21–33) | 0.169 * |
SEX N (%) | ||||||
Male | 76 (47.5) | 9 (60) | 34 (48.6) | 17 (45.9) | 16 (42.1) | 0.694 1 |
Female | 84 (52.5) | 6 (40) | 36 (51.4) | 20 (54.1) | 22 (57.9) | |
Nº OF SIBLINGS | ||||||
Median [IQR] | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.5 (0–1) | 0.681 * |
TIME ENROLLMENT (MONTHS) | ||||||
Median [IQR] | 8 (5–17) | 17 (6–21) | 7 (5–17) | 10 (5–17) | 6 (5–17) | 0.260 * |
SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING (MONTHS) | ||||||
Median [IQR] | 6 (5–6) | 6 (5–6) | 6 (4.5–6) | 6 (5–6) | 6 (6–7) | <0.001 * |
n (%) | Total N = 160 | IF N = 15 | BF 0–6 Months N = 70 | BF 6–12 Months N = 37 | BF >12 Months N = 38 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRYING AT ARRIVAL | ||||||
All or almost every day | 8 (5.0) | 1(6.7) | 3 (4.3) | 1 (2.7) | 3 (7.9) | 0.629 1 |
Occasionally or never | 152 (95.0) | 14 (93.3) | 67 (95.7) | 36 (97.3) | 35 (92.1) | |
CRYING IN THE CENTRE | ||||||
Every day | 6 (3.8) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.7) | 2 (5.3) | 0.441 1 |
On sporadic occasions | 30 (18.8) | 5 (33.3) | 14 (20) | 7 (18.9) | 4 (10.5) | |
Never or almost never | 124 (77.5) | 9 (60) | 54 (77.1) | 29 (78.4) | 32 (84.2) | |
PROBLEMS WITH INTERACTION | ||||||
Yes. frequently | 12 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (8.6) | 5 (13.5) | 1 (2.6) | 0.455 1 |
Only in some activities | 25 (15.6) | 4 (26.7) | 10 (14.3) | 4 (10.8) | 7 (18.4) | |
Never | 123 (76.9) | 11 (73.3) | 54 (77.1) | 28 (75.7) | 30 (78.9) | |
BEHAVIOR WHEN LEAVING THE CENTER | ||||||
Crying at pick up moment | 2 (1.3) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 0.097 1 |
Dependency behaviors | 15 (9.4) | 6 (40) | 7 (10) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (2.6) | 0.001 1 |
Normal behavior | 138 (86.3) | 14 (93.3) | 60 (85.7) | 32 (86.5) | 32 (84.2) | 0.921 2 |
Aggressiveness | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 1 |
Sadness | 2 (1.3) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.287 1 |
ASSESSMENT OF ADAPTATION ACCORDING TO THE PARENTS’ POINT OF VIEW | ||||||
Very well | 120 (75) | 9 (60) | 57 (81.4) | 28 (75.7) | 26 (68.4) | 0.062 1 |
Alright | 26 (16.3) | 6 (40) | 8 (11.4) | 7 (18.9) | 5 (13.2) | |
Difficult/Not adapted | 14 (8.8) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (7.1) | 2 (5.4) | 7 (18.4) |
Total N = 160 | IF N = 15 | BF 0–6 Months N = 70 | BF 6–12 Months N = 37 | BF >12 Months N = 38 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRONIC DISEASE n (%) | 5 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.3) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (2.6) | 1 1 |
ALERGIES n (%) | 10 (6.3) | 2 (13.3) | 5 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.9) | 0.164 1 |
ABSENTEEISM BY ILLNESS n (%) | 136 (85.0) | 14 (93.3) | 61 (87.1) | 27 (73.0) | 34 (89.5) | 0.116 2 |
Nº OF ABSENCES Median [IQR] | 4 (2–6) | 5 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 2 (0–5) | 2.5 (2–5) | 0.154 * |
Nº OF DAYS OF LACK PER PROCESS Median [IQR] | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (1–3) | 2 (0–2) | 2 (1–2) | 0.041 * |
CAUSES OF ABSENCES n (%) | ||||||
Respiratory disease. | 125 (80.6) | 13 (86.13) | 56 (82.4) | 26 (74.3) | 30 (81.1) | 0.717 2 |
Gastrointestinal disease | 34 (21.9) | 5 (33.3) | 17 (25.0) | 4 (11.4) | 8 (21.6) | 0.261 1 |
Otitis media | 27 (17.4) | 4 (26.7) | 13 (19.1) | 5 (14.3) | 5 (13.5) | 0.635 1 |
Other causes | 14 (9.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (8.8) | 4 (11.4) | 4 (10.8) | 0.652 1 |
Exposure | OR (CI 95%) | p |
---|---|---|
BF >12 months | 0.05 (0.00–045) | 0.008 |
BF >6 months | 0.05 (0.00–0.45) | 0.008 |
BF 0–6 months | 0.20 (0.05–0.76) | 0.018 |
IF | 1.00 Ref. | |
AGE | ||
1 month-increase | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | 0.325 |
SEX | ||
Female | 0.54 (0.16–1.80) | 0.317 |
Male | 1.00 Ref. | |
SIBLINGS | ||
1 sibling | 0.76 (0.27–2.14) | 0.601 |
TIME ENROLMENT | ||
For each month of schooling | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 0.005 |
DAY OF ABSENCE PER EPISODE | 0.76 (0.48–1.21) | 0.241 |
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Franco-Antonio, C.; Santano-Mogena, E.; Cordovilla-Guardia, S. Influence of Breastfeeding in the Adaptation of and Absenteeism of Infants in Early Childhood Centers: A Preliminary Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020602
Franco-Antonio C, Santano-Mogena E, Cordovilla-Guardia S. Influence of Breastfeeding in the Adaptation of and Absenteeism of Infants in Early Childhood Centers: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020602
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranco-Antonio, Cristina, Esperanza Santano-Mogena, and Sergio Cordovilla-Guardia. 2021. "Influence of Breastfeeding in the Adaptation of and Absenteeism of Infants in Early Childhood Centers: A Preliminary Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020602