The Relation Between Tobacco Tax Structure and Corruption in European Union Member States
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Coefficient | Standard Error | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Austria | −0.020313 | 0.0077516 | 0.0173 |
Czech Republic | −0.0168546 | 0.00593855 | 0.0161 |
Poland | −0.0328598 | −2.739512 | 0.0179 |
Slovakia | −0.0165421 | 0.00516629 | 0.0095 |
UK | −0.0041924 | 0.00117508 | 0.0021 |
Germany | 0.00776925 | 0.00313698 | 0.0228 |
Bulgaria | 0.489768 | 0.256643 | 0.0805 |
Cyprus | 0.0135868 | 0.0114653 | 0.2634 |
Estonia | −0.0071129 | 0.0131971 | 0.5998 |
Finland | −0.033406 | 0.0205821 | 0.1211 |
Greece | 0.159570 | 0.107282 | 0.1542 |
Hungary | 0.0219810 | 0.0106499 | 0.0634 |
Ireland | 0.00189133 | 0.00305938 | 0.5442 |
Italy | 0.006323 | 0.0215210 | 0.7723 |
Latvia | −0.00154183 | 0.0124290 | 0.9037 |
Lithuania | −0.0036789 | 0.0113753 | 0.7525 |
Malta | 0.041909 | 0.062992 | 0.5209 |
Netherlands | 0.0075926 | 0.0040456 | 0.0760 |
Romania | −0.0177252 | 0.0350063 | 0.6226 |
Slovenia | −0.007171 | 0.0067619 | 0.3166 |
Belgium | 0.033049 | 0.110575 | 0.7685 |
Denmark | 0.013342 | 0.0137247 | 0.3432 |
Luxembourg | −0.33617 | 0.304799 | 0.2846 |
Portugal | −0.00621 | 0.098344 | 0.9503 |
Slovakia | −0.01654 | 0.0051662 | 0.0095 |
Spain | 0.282165 | 0.059392 | 0.0002 |
Sweden | 0.187649 | 0.101819 | 0.081 |
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Shah, A.; Eminson, K.; Bogdanovica, I.; Britton, J. The Relation Between Tobacco Tax Structure and Corruption in European Union Member States. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2842. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162842
Shah A, Eminson K, Bogdanovica I, Britton J. The Relation Between Tobacco Tax Structure and Corruption in European Union Member States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(16):2842. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162842
Chicago/Turabian StyleShah, Ajay, Katie Eminson, Ilze Bogdanovica, and John Britton. 2019. "The Relation Between Tobacco Tax Structure and Corruption in European Union Member States" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2842. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162842