Comparable Risk of Suicidal Ideation between Workers at Precarious Employment and Unemployment: Data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study, 2012–2017
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Data
2.2. Outcome Variable
2.3. Main Predictor
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | Suicide Ideation n (%) | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||||
Employment transition | ||||||
Permanent → permanent | 9506 | 9418 | (99.1) | 88 | (0.9) | <0.0001 |
Permanent → precarious | 594 | 580 | (97.6) | 14 | (2.4) | |
Permanent → unemployment | 452 | 445 | (98.5) | 7 | (1.6) | |
Precarious → permanent | 834 | 815 | (97.7) | 19 | (2.3) | |
Precarious → precarious | 5166 | 5018 | (97.1) | 148 | (2.9) | |
Precarious → unemployment | 953 | 911 | (95.6) | 42 | (4.4) | |
Unemployment → permanent | 427 | 419 | (98.1) | 8 | (1.9) | |
Unemployment → precarious | 1161 | 1114 | (96.0) | 47 | (4.1) | |
Unemployment → unemployment | 6769 | 6503 | (96.1) | 266 | (3.9) | |
Employment status | ||||||
Permanent | 10,767 | 10,652 | (98.9) | 115 | (1.1) | <0.0001 |
Precarious | 6921 | 6712 | (97.0) | 209 | (3.0) | |
Unemployed | 8174 | 7859 | (96.2) | 315 | (3.9) | |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 11,507 | 11,277 | (98.0) | 230 | (2.0) | <0.0001 |
Female | 14,355 | 13,946 | (97.2) | 409 | (2.9) | |
Age | ||||||
25–34 | 5241 | 5157 | (98.4) | 84 | (1.6) | <0.0001 |
35–44 | 8847 | 8685 | (98.2) | 162 | (1.8) | |
45–59 | 11,774 | 11,381 | (96.7) | 393 | (3.3) | |
Region | ||||||
Metropolitan cities | 12,259 | 11,934 | (97.4) | 325 | (2.7) | 0.0285 |
Urban | 10,523 | 10,265 | (97.6) | 258 | (2.5) | |
Rural | 3080 | 3024 | (98.2) | 56 | (1.8) | |
Education level | ||||||
High school or below | 13,240 | 12,774 | (96.5) | 466 | (3.5) | <0.0001 |
University or above | 12,622 | 12,449 | (98.6) | 173 | (1.4) | |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 5090 | 4950 | (97.3) | 140 | (2.8) | <0.0001 |
Separated * | 2383 | 2202 | (92.4) | 181 | (7.6) | |
Married | 18,389 | 18,071 | (98.3) | 318 | (1.7) | |
Income | ||||||
Low | 8574 | 8148 | (95.0) | 426 | (5.0) | <0.0001 |
Medium | 8623 | 8492 | (98.5) | 131 | (1.5) | |
High | 8665 | 8583 | (99.1) | 82 | (1.0) | |
Disability | ||||||
No | 24,497 | 23,950 | (97.8) | 547 | (2.2) | <0.0001 |
Yes | 1365 | 1273 | (93.3) | 92 | (6.7) | |
Chronic disease | ||||||
No | 17,420 | 17,179 | (98.6) | 241 | (1.4) | <0.0001 |
Yes | 8442 | 8044 | (95.3) | 398 | (4.7) | |
Depression | ||||||
No | 23,169 | 22,813 | (98.5) | 356 | (1.5) | <0.0001 |
Yes | 2693 | 2410 | (89.5) | 283 | (10.5) | |
Year | ||||||
2013 | 5433 | 5246 | (96.6) | 187 | (3.4) | |
2014 | 5362 | 5182 | (96.6) | 180 | (3.4) | |
2015 | 5230 | 5119 | (97.9) | 111 | (2.1) | |
2016 | 4974 | 4879 | (98.1) | 95 | (1.9) | |
2017 | 4863 | 4797 | (98.6) | 66 | (1.4) | |
Total | 25,862 | 25,223 | (97.5) | 639 | (2.5) |
OR | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|
Employment transition * | ||
Permanent → permanent | 1.00 | |
Permanent → precarious | 1.74 | (1.29–2.35) |
Permanent → unemployment | 1.97 | (1.32–2.96) |
Precarious → permanent | 1.57 | (0.73–3.36) |
Precarious → precarious | 1.86 | (1.21–2.85) |
Precarious → unemployment | 1.43 | (1.05–1.95) |
Unemployment → permanent | 1.68 | (0.99–2.84) |
Unemployment → precarious | 1.11 | (0.49–2.50) |
Unemployment → unemployment | 1.57 | (0.86–2.87) |
Employment status * | ||
Permanent | 1.00 | |
Precarious | 1.52 | (1.17–1.99) |
Unemployed | 1.36 | (1.05–1.78) |
Sex | ||
Male | 1.00 | |
Female | 1.13 | (0.92–1.40) |
Age | ||
25–34 | 1.00 | |
35–44 | 1.10 | (0.80–1.51) |
45–59 | 1.13 | (0.81–1.58) |
Region | ||
Metropolitan cities | 1.00 | |
Urban | 0.98 | (0.80–1.18) |
Rural | 0.69 | (0.50–0.95) |
Education level | ||
High school or below | 1.00 | |
University or above | 0.73 | (0.58–0.92) |
Marital status | ||
Single | 1.00 | |
Separated ** | 1.08 | (0.77–1.49) |
Married | 0.62 | (0.47–0.81) |
Income | ||
Low | 1.00 | |
Medium | 0.62 | (0.50–0.79) |
High | 0.48 | (0.36–0.63) |
Disability | ||
No | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1.23 | (0.90–1.68) |
Chronic disease | ||
No | 1.00 | |
Yes | 2.08 | (1.71–2.52) |
Depression | ||
No | 1.00 | |
Yes | 3.19 | (2.64–3.87) |
Year | ||
2013 | 1.00 | |
2014 | 0.95 | (0.76–1.19) |
2015 | 0.58 | (0.45–0.75) |
2016 | 0.57 | (0.44–0.75) |
2017 | 0.42 | (0.31–0.56) |
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Kim, W.; Ki, M.; Choi, M.; Song, A. Comparable Risk of Suicidal Ideation between Workers at Precarious Employment and Unemployment: Data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study, 2012–2017. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162811
Kim W, Ki M, Choi M, Song A. Comparable Risk of Suicidal Ideation between Workers at Precarious Employment and Unemployment: Data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study, 2012–2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(16):2811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162811
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Woorim, Myung Ki, Minjae Choi, and Areum Song. 2019. "Comparable Risk of Suicidal Ideation between Workers at Precarious Employment and Unemployment: Data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study, 2012–2017" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162811