The Effects of the Global Economic Recession and a Reduced Alcohol Tax on Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol-Attributed Diseases in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Measurement
2.2. Statistics Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Model Identification
3.1.1. Low Income
3.1.2. Middle Income
3.1.3. High Income
3.2. ARIMA Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Low Income | Middle Income | High Income | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rate | Change (%) | Rate | Change (%) | Rate | Change (%) | |
2007 | 78.3 | - | 60.4 | - | 18.6 | - |
2008 | 82.0 | 4.5% | 57.8 | −4.5% | 18.1 | −3.2% |
2009 | 84.6 | 3.1% | 54.3 | −6.5% | 19.9 | 9.1% |
2010 | 92.6 | 8.6% | 56.7 | 4.3% | 23.4 | 15.3% |
2011 | 98.1 | 5.7% | 56.9 | 0.3% | 26.8 | 12.4% |
2012 | 105.1 | 6.7% | 55.7 | −2.1% | 26.6 | −0.7% |
Income Groups | Economic Intervention in 2008 | Tax Intervention in 2009 | Box-Ljung | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a (SE) | T | p-Value | Mean Before First Intervention (1/105) | Change b (%) | a (SE) | T | p-Value | Mean Before Second Intervention (1/105) | Change b (%) | Q-Statistics (df c) | |
(SE) | (SE) | p-Value | |||||||||
Low | 5.702 (1.349) | 3.760 | 0.00017 | 80.189 | 7.11 | 0.997 (0.229) | 4.354 | <0.0001 | 83.628 | 39.74 | 22.82 (17) |
- | - | - | - | - | 970 (0.017) | 57.06 | <0.0001 | - | - | 0.155 | |
Middle | 1.042 (0.329) | 3.167 | 0.0015 | 59.870 | −22.90 | - | - | - | 54.745 | - | 15.54 (16) |
0.924 (0.015) | 18.12 | <0.0001 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.485 | ||
High | - | - | 17.882 | - | 0.561 (0.267) | 2.101 | 0.0356 | 19.283 | 47.69 | 12.01 (16) | |
- | - | - | - | - | 0.939 (0.047) | 19.98 | <0.0001 | - | - | 0.743 |
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Liao, C.-M.; Lin, C.-M. The Effects of the Global Economic Recession and a Reduced Alcohol Tax on Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol-Attributed Diseases in Taiwan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060580
Liao C-M, Lin C-M. The Effects of the Global Economic Recession and a Reduced Alcohol Tax on Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol-Attributed Diseases in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(6):580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060580
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiao, Chen-Mao, and Chih-Ming Lin. 2017. "The Effects of the Global Economic Recession and a Reduced Alcohol Tax on Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol-Attributed Diseases in Taiwan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 6: 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060580