Application of Circular Bubble Plume Diffusers to Restore Water Quality in a Sub-Deep Reservoir
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Reaeration Apparatus
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Water Chemistry Analysis
2.5. Oxygen Dissolution Efficiency Calculation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Variations of DO within the Hypolimnion
3.2. Mass Balance of Oxygen
3.3. Effect on the Stability of Thermal Stratification
3.4. Intrusion Characteristics
3.5. Effect on the Water Quality
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sites | July | September | PND | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NH4+ | Total Fe | Total Mn | NH4+ | Total Fe | Total Mn | NH4+ | Total Fe | Total Mn | |
In situ | 0.48–0.71 | 37.6–67.5 | 2.4–12.0 | 0.16–0.34 | 4.40–91.4 | 0.4–1.4 | 30–71 | 74–94 | 74–88 |
NW4 | 0.47–0.54 | 8.10–45.4 | 0.8–1.5 | 0.08–0.27 | 0.10–13.4 | 0.2–0.4 | 49–84 | 94–99 | 53–86 |
NE4 | 0.47–0.57 | 5.10–45.7 | 0.6–1.3 | 0.14–0.32 | 0.40–33.5 | 0.1–0.8 | 43–71 | 27–92 | 36–81 |
SW4 | 0.56–0.59 | 11.3–42.4 | 1.1–4.6 | 0.14–0.32 | 3.30–10.8 | 0.3–0.5 | 46–76 | 79–91 | 74–88 |
DB | 0.34–0.35 | 15.7–27.4 | 1.4–2.2 | 0.18–0.22 | 13.6–58.3 | 1.1–1.8 | 38–47 | 51–60 | 17–21 |
JZH/DHP * | 0.42–0.45 | 23.3–29.7 | 1.8–2.1 | 0.14–0.34 | 11.4–33.0 | 1.0–1.2 | 19–69 | 10–51 | 35–49 |
Jul. 2015 | Aug. 2015 | Sep. 2015 | Jul. 2016 | Aug. 2016 | Sep. 2016 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP (mg/L) | ||||||
Upper | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Middle | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Bottom | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
AVG | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
TN (mg/L) | ||||||
Upper | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
Middle | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
Bottom | 2.1 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
AVG | 2.0 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
Jul. | Aug. | Sep. | Aug. & Sep. | Aug. & Sep. | Jul. | Jul. & Aug. | Aug. & Sep. | Jul. & Sep. | Jul. | Aug. & Sep. | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E.Z. | E.Z. | E.Z. | E.Z. | C.S. | C.S. | E.Z. | E.Z. | E.Z. | E.Z. & C.S. | E.Z. & C.S. | ||||||
TP | |t| | p | |t| | p | |t| | p | |t| | p | |t| | p | ||||||
0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 3.3 | 0.003 | 3.2 | 0.004 | 5.7 | 9 × 10‒6 | 0.28 | 0.8 | 8.3 | 1 × 10‒10 | |
TN | |t| | p | |t| | p | |t| | p | |t| | p | |t| | p | ||||||
1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 0.04 | 0.49 | 0.6 | 3.4 | 0.001 |
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Lan, C.; Chen, J.; Wang, J.; Guo, J.; Yu, J.; Yu, P.; Yang, H.; Liu, Y. Application of Circular Bubble Plume Diffusers to Restore Water Quality in a Sub-Deep Reservoir. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111298
Lan C, Chen J, Wang J, Guo J, Yu J, Yu P, Yang H, Liu Y. Application of Circular Bubble Plume Diffusers to Restore Water Quality in a Sub-Deep Reservoir. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(11):1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111298
Chicago/Turabian StyleLan, Chen, Jingan Chen, Jingfu Wang, Jianyang Guo, Jia Yu, Pingping Yu, Haiquan Yang, and Yong Liu. 2017. "Application of Circular Bubble Plume Diffusers to Restore Water Quality in a Sub-Deep Reservoir" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 11: 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111298