Comparison of Anthropometric and Atherogenic Indices as Screening Tools of Metabolic Syndrome in the Kazakh Adult Population in Xinjiang
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Setting and Study Population
2.3. Questionnaire Survey
2.4. Serial Test and Parallel Test
2.5. Anthropometric Measurements and Laboratory Tests
2.6. Definition of MetS
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Study Population
3.2. AUC of Each Variable for the Screening of MetS Using ROC Analyses
3.3. Cut-of, Sensitivity, Specificity and Youden’s Index of Each Variable According to the Different Criteria
3.4. Combined Screening Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Male (n = 1494) | p | Female (n = 2258) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
With MetS (n = 278) | Without MetS (n = 1216) | With MetS (n = 525) | Without MetS (n = 1733) | |||
Age (years) | 51.45 ± 11.09 | 43.51 ± 13.66 | <0.001 | 50.34 ± 11.76 | 41.23 ± 12.55 | <0.001 |
Height (cm) | 171.43 ± 6.63 | 169.82 ± 7.04 | <0.001 | 159.20 ± 6.67 | 158.14 ± 6.36 | <0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 80.83 ± 11.86 | 67.91 ± 10.77 | <0.001 | 66.65 ± 11.14 | 58.32 ± 10.11 | <0.001 |
WC (cm) | 100.03 ± 7.78 | 84.91 ± 10.13 | <0.001 | 92.51 ± 9.38 | 80.51 ± 10.85 | <0.001 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 105.39 ± 6.79 | 96.82 ± 7.55 | <0.001 | 103.49 ± 8.50 | 95.30 ± 8.69 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 144.19 ± 21.54 | 128.52 ± 22.09 | <0.001 | 140.47 ± 26.60 | 121.77 ± 21.41 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 92.89 ± 14.15 | 82.31 ± 13.26 | <0.001 | 90.48 ± 14.84 | 78.72 ± 13.33 | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.70 ± 0.78 | 1.16 ± 0.72 | <0.001 | 1.31 ± 0.66 | 0.98 ± 0.49 | <0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.21 ± 0.38 | 1.37 ± 0.56 | <0.001 | 1.29 ± 0.55 | 1.49 ± 0.66 | <0.001 |
FBG (mmol/L) | 6.02 ± 1.08 | 4.89 ± 1.12 | <0.001 | 5.55 ± 1.24 | 4.77 ± 0.92 | <0.001 |
BMI | 27.82 ± 3.73 | 23.53 ± 3.39 | 0.005 | 26.68 ± 4.27 | 23.13 ± 3.72 | 0.005 |
WHtR | 0.59 ± 0.05 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.59 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
WHR | 0.95 ± 0.04 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.89 ± 0.05 | 0.84 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
BAI | 29.48 ± 3.88 | 25.84 ± 3.85 | <0.001 | 34.20 ± 5.11 | 29.73 ± 4.68 | <0.001 |
LAP | 59.43 ± 28.89 | 23.49 ± 19.28 | <0.001 | 44.09 ± 22.12 | 22.13 ± 16.25 | <0.001 |
TG/HDL-C | 1.55 ± 0.88 | 1.02 ± 0.80 | <0.001 | 1.17 ± 0.88 | 0.80 ± 0.69 | <0.001 |
MetS-IDF | 278 (18.61%) | - | 525 (23.25%) | 0.001 | ||
MetS-ATP III | 157 (10.51%) | - | 336 (14.88%) | <0.001 | ||
MetS-JIS | 371 (24.83%) | - | 572 (25.33%) | 0.730 |
Parameters | IDF Criteria | ATP III Criteria | JIS Criteria | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUC (95% CI) in Male | AUC (95% CI) in Female | AUC (95% CI) in Male | AUC (95% CI) in Female | AUC (95% CI) in Male | AUC (95% CI) in Female | |
BMI | 0.815 (0.788, 0.842) | 0.744 (0.721, 0.767) | 0.772 (0.727, 0.817) | 0.771 (0.744, 0.798) | 0.74 (0.712, 0.769) | 0.713 (0.689, 0.737) |
WHtR | 0.872 (0.854, 0.891) | 0.804 (0.786, 0.822) | 0.818 (0.787, 0.848) | 0.825 (0.803, 0.847) | 0.777 (0.751, 0.802) | 0.764 (0.743, 0.784) |
WHR | 0.827 (0.804, 0.849) | 0.731 (0.709, 0.753) | 0.795 (0.756, 0.834) | 0.74 (0.714, 0.766) | 0.741 (0.713, 0.768) | 0.698 (0.675, 0.721) |
BAI | 0.761 (0.733, 0.790) | 0.754 (0.731, 0.776) | 0.747 (0.709, 0.786) | 0.783 (0.758, 0.808) | 0.705 (0.675, 0.734) | 0.726 (0.702, 0.749) |
LAP | 0.858 (0.834, 0.882) | 0.801 (0.781, 0.822) | 0.856 (0.823, 0.889) | 0.832 (0.811, 0.854) | 0.816 (0.791, 0.842) | 0.788 (0.767, 0.809) |
TG/HDL-C | 0.715 (0.681, 0.749) | 0.688 (0.663, 0.714) | 0.739 (0.697, 0.780) | 0.742 (0.715, 0.770) | 0.752 (0.723, 0.782) | 0.707 (0.683, 0.732) |
Parameters | IDF Criteria | ATP III Criteria | JIS Criteria | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cut-off | Sen (%) | Spe (%) | Youden’s Index | Cut-off | Sen (%) | Spe (%) | Youden’s Index | Cut-off | Sen (%) | Spe (%) | Youden’s Index | |
Male | ||||||||||||
BMI | 24.84 | 79.10 | 72.00 | 0.511 | 26.72 | 67.50 | 81.70 | 0.492 | 23.73 | 77.60 | 61.10 | 0.387 |
WHtR | 0.53 | 88.49 | 72.04 | 0.605 | 0.58 | 79.60 | 74.00 | 0.536 | 0.52 | 80.50 | 64.10 | 0.446 |
WHR | 0.89 | 90.40 | 62.20 | 0.526 | 0.94 | 61.10 | 88.40 | 0.495 | 0.89 | 80.30 | 60.20 | 0.405 |
BAI | 26.82 | 77.70 | 64.10 | 0.418 | 27.14 | 77.10 | 63.80 | 0.409 | 26.82 | 67.70 | 64.30 | 0.32 |
LAP | 34.76 | 77.70 | 81.10 | 0.588 | 41.21 | 78.30 | 81.40 | 0.597 | 34.76 | 68.50 | 82.90 | 0.514 |
TG/HDL-C | 1.08 | 68.30 | 68.80 | 0.371 | 1.20 | 59.20 | 79.30 | 0.385 | 1.20 | 63.90 | 78.60 | 0.425 |
Female | ||||||||||||
BMI | 24.35 | 68.40 | 68.70 | 0.371 | 24.50 | 73.80 | 67.40 | 0.412 | 24.33 | 64.20 | 68.10 | 0.323 |
WHtR | 0.52 | 84.00 | 62.44 | 0.464 | 0.55 | 81.80 | 69.50 | 0.513 | 0.52 | 79.40 | 60.40 | 0.398 |
WHR | 0.85 | 78.90 | 57.20 | 0.361 | 0.86 | 77.40 | 61.70 | 0.391 | 0.85 | 74.30 | 56.70 | 0.31 |
BAI | 31.45 | 69.10 | 68.00 | 0.371 | 33.16 | 66.40 | 77.80 | 0.442 | 31.45 | 65.00 | 68.70 | 0.337 |
LAP | 26.49 | 76.20 | 69.80 | 0.460 | 28.15 | 81.30 | 74.60 | 0.559 | 26.49 | 74.00 | 70.30 | 0.443 |
TG/HDL-C | 0.79 | 64.60 | 67.40 | 0.320 | 0.79 | 75.00 | 66.10 | 0.411 | 0.79 | 65.70 | 68.70 | 0.344 |
Screening | Sen (%) | Spe (%) | False Negative Rate (%) | False Positive Rate (%) | Youden’s Index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | |||||
WHtR, LAP parallel test | 95.32 | 65.46 | 4.68 | 34.54 | 0.608 |
WHtR, LAP serial test | 70.86 | 88.16 | 29.14 | 11.84 | 0.590 |
Female | |||||
WHtR, LAP parallel test | 93.90 | 54.01 | 6.10 | 45.99 | 0.479 |
WHtR LAP serial test | 66.29 | 78.19 | 33.71 | 21.81 | 0.445 |
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Zhang, X.-H.; Zhang, M.; He, J.; Yan, Y.-Z.; Ma, J.-L.; Wang, K.; Ma, R.-L.; Guo, H.; Mu, L.-T.; Ding, Y.-S.; et al. Comparison of Anthropometric and Atherogenic Indices as Screening Tools of Metabolic Syndrome in the Kazakh Adult Population in Xinjiang. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 428. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13040428
Zhang X-H, Zhang M, He J, Yan Y-Z, Ma J-L, Wang K, Ma R-L, Guo H, Mu L-T, Ding Y-S, et al. Comparison of Anthropometric and Atherogenic Indices as Screening Tools of Metabolic Syndrome in the Kazakh Adult Population in Xinjiang. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(4):428. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13040428
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xiang-Hui, Mei Zhang, Jia He, Yi-Zhong Yan, Jiao-Long Ma, Kui Wang, Ru-Lin Ma, Heng Guo, La-Ti Mu, Yu-Song Ding, and et al. 2016. "Comparison of Anthropometric and Atherogenic Indices as Screening Tools of Metabolic Syndrome in the Kazakh Adult Population in Xinjiang" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 4: 428. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13040428