Degradation of Tetracyclines in Pig Manure by Composting with Rice Straw
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Composting Materials
2.2. TCs Degradation Experiments
2.3. Extraction and HPLC Analysis of TCs
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Evolution of Temperature during Composting
3.2. Evolution of pH, OC and TN During Composting
3.3. Degradation of TCs during Composting and Incubation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tetracyclines | pKa1 | pKa2 | pKa3 |
---|---|---|---|
Oxytetracycline | 3.27 | 7.32 | 9.11 |
Tetracycline | 3.30 | 7.68 | 9.69 |
Chlortetracycline | 3.30 | 7.44 | 9.27 |
Characteristics | Materials | ||
---|---|---|---|
Pig Manure | Rice Straw | Mixture | |
Moisture content (%) | 72.9 | 8.0 | 10.7 |
Organic carbon (g·kg−1 DW) | 347 | 406 | 403 |
Total nitrogen (g·kg−1 DW) | 25.3 | 9.4 | 10.1 |
C:N | 13.7 | 43.2 | 39.8 |
Tetracyclines | Pig Manure-Rice Straw Composting | Control | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
DT50 | DT90 | DT50 | DT90 | |
Oxytetracycline | 5.5 | 18.4 | 29.3 | 97.3 |
Tetracycline | 5.2 | 17.4 | 27.1 | 90.1 |
Chlortetracycline | 2.4 | 7.9 | 26.9 | 89.5 |
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Chai, R.; Huang, L.; Li, L.; Gielen, G.; Wang, H.; Zhang, Y. Degradation of Tetracyclines in Pig Manure by Composting with Rice Straw. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030254
Chai R, Huang L, Li L, Gielen G, Wang H, Zhang Y. Degradation of Tetracyclines in Pig Manure by Composting with Rice Straw. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(3):254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030254
Chicago/Turabian StyleChai, Rushan, Lidong Huang, Lingling Li, Gerty Gielen, Hailong Wang, and Yongsong Zhang. 2016. "Degradation of Tetracyclines in Pig Manure by Composting with Rice Straw" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 3: 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030254