Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors of Frontline Railway Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Ankang Area, Shaanxi Province, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Data Collection
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Respondents
3.2. Reliability and Validity of the SF-36v2
3.3. HRQOL and Related Factors of Railway Workers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Overall (N = 784) | Ground Worker (n = 220) | Conductor (n = 281) | Train Driver (n = 283) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, %) * | ||||
18–29 | 19.0 | 22.6 | 11.2 | 23.9 |
30–44 | 57.3 | 41.0 | 72.8 | 54.3 |
45–60 | 23.7 | 36.3 | 15.9 | 21.7 |
Gender (%) * | ||||
Male | 70.7 | 76.8 | 36.3 | 100.0 |
Female | 29.3 | 23.2 | 63.7 | 0.0 |
Educational level (%) * | ||||
Compulsory | 8.4 | 17.0 | 7.7 | 2.5 |
Secondary | 65.0 | 52.3 | 77.4 | 62.8 |
Tertiary | 26.6 | 30.7 | 15.0 | 34.8 |
Marital status (%) | ||||
In marriage | 79.8 | 79.4 | 83.2 | 76.9 |
Others | 20.2 | 20.6 | 16.8 | 23.1 |
Having one or more children (%) * | ||||
Yes | 79.6 | 78.8 | 88.6 | 71.6 |
No | 20.4 | 21.2 | 11.4 | 28.4 |
Personal monthly income (CNY, %) * | ||||
<2500 | 32.5 | 22.4 | 60.4 | 11.2 |
2500–3499 | 33.0 | 58.0 | 32.2 | 14.0 |
≥3500 | 34.5 | 19.5 | 7.4 | 74.8 |
Working schedule (%) * | ||||
Mainly day shifts | 27.0 | 79.7 | 7.6 | 5.0 |
Day and night shifts | 30.0 | 18.4 | 60.4 | 9.0 |
Mainly night shifts | 36.6 | 1.8 | 26.9 | 73.1 |
Usually work more than 24 h | 6.5 | 0.0 | 5.1 | 12.9 |
Smoking (%) * | ||||
No | 59.7 | 55.0 | 78.2 | 44.9 |
Yes | 40.3 | 45.0 | 21.8 | 55.1 |
Alcohol consumption (%) * | ||||
No | 62.3 | 61.6 | 75.3 | 49.8 |
Yes | 37.7 | 38.4 | 24.7 | 50.2 |
Chronic disease (%) * | ||||
No | 64.9 | 61.2 | 60.1 | 72.4 |
Yes | 35.1 | 38.8 | 39.9 | 27.6 |
Independent Variables | Overall | Ground Worker | Conductor | Train Driver | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | p-Value | Coefficient | p-Value | Coefficient | p-Value | Coefficient | p-Value | |
Work type | ||||||||
Ground worker | Ref. | – | ||||||
Conductor | 3.198 | 0.001 | ||||||
Train driver | 1.958 | 0.076 | ||||||
Age (years) | ||||||||
18–29 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
30–44 | −1.090 | 0.325 | 3.948 | 0.045 | −2.641 | 0.223 | −1.644 | 0.435 |
45–60 | −2.676 | 0.031 | 1.367 | 0.519 | −4.620 | 0.054 | −2.601 | 0.278 |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Female | −0.361 | 0.640 | 0.754 | 0.570 | −0.638 | 0.596 | – | – |
Educational level | ||||||||
Compulsory | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Secondary | 0.821 | 0.384 | 2.036 | 0.139 | −0.179 | 0.906 | 0.029 | 0.992 |
Tertiary | 3.549 | 0.001 | 3.553 | 0.028 | 2.439 | 0.173 | 2.457 | 0.445 |
Marital status | ||||||||
In marriage | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Others | 1.162 | 0.212 | −1.341 | 0.433 | −0.328 | 0.813 | 4.485 | 0.037 |
Having one or more children | ||||||||
Yes | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
No | 0.559 | 0.623 | 5.303 | 0.018 | −0.044 | 0.985 | −1.412 | 0.415 |
Personal monthly income (CNY) | ||||||||
<2500 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
2500–3500 | 0.862 | 0.202 | 1.084 | 0.405 | 0.668 | 0.462 | 2.177 | 0.222 |
≥3500 | 1.821 | 0.030 | 4.098 | 0.014 | 3.629 | 0.022 | 1.447 | 0.414 |
Working schedule | ||||||||
Mainly day shifts | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Day and night shifts | −3.092 | 0.001 | −3.492 | 0.011 | −2.204 | 0.198 | −2.290 | 0.323 |
Mainly night shifts | −5.696 | <0.001 | 0.707 | 0.858 | −4.105 | 0.021 | −6.704 | 0.001 |
Usually work more than 24 h | −7.402 | <0.001 | – | – | −7.092 | 0.006 | −7.561 | 0.001 |
Smoking | ||||||||
No | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Yes | 0.556 | 0.358 | −0.657 | 0.563 | 0.446 | 0.725 | 1.017 | 0.267 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
No | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Yes | −1.205 | 0.038 | −0.875 | 0.425 | −0.784 | 0.484 | −1.480 | 0.100 |
Chronic disease | ||||||||
No | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Yes | −3.271 | <0.001 | −4.628 | <0.001 | −3.447 | <0.001 | −2.075 | 0.044 |
Independent Variables | Overall | Ground Worker | Conductor | Train Driver | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | p-Value | Coefficient | p-Value | Coefficient | p-Value | Coefficient | p-Value | |
Work type | ||||||||
Ground worker | Ref. | – | ||||||
Conductor | 5.291 | 0.001 | ||||||
Train driver | 2.126 | 0.242 | ||||||
Age (years) | ||||||||
18–29 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
30–44 | −2.013 | 0.270 | 5.620 | 0.066 | −1.206 | 0.715 | −6.905 | 0.063 |
45–60 | −0.392 | 0.848 | 7.045 | 0.034 | −1.568 | 0.666 | −4.156 | 0.324 |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Female | 2.089 | 0.100 | 3.127 | 0.132 | 2.052 | 0.264 | – | – |
Educational level | ||||||||
Compulsory | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Secondary | −0.589 | 0.705 | 0.466 | 0.827 | −1.333 | 0.564 | 0.349 | 0.948 |
Tertiary | 1.472 | 0.400 | 3.901 | 0.121 | −4.140 | 0.130 | 3.864 | 0.495 |
Marital status | ||||||||
In marriage | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Others | −0.825 | 0.590 | −2.080 | 0.435 | −3.675 | 0.084 | 1.071 | 0.776 |
Having one or more children | ||||||||
Yes | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
No | 3.124 | 0.095 | 5.427 | 0.118 | 4.705 | 0.180 | 1.564 | 0.608 |
Personal monthly income (CNY) | ||||||||
<2500 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
2500–3500 | −1.057 | 0.342 | 1.285 | 0.526 | −1.267 | 0.360 | −2.774 | 0.376 |
≥3500 | 1.198 | 0.386 | 3.624 | 0.158 | 3.942 | 0.101 | 1.296 | 0.678 |
Working schedule | ||||||||
Mainly day shifts | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Day and night shifts | −5.651 | <0.001 | −4.490 | 0.034 | −5.332 | 0.042 | −4.718 | 0.247 |
Mainly night shifts | −11.569 | <0.001 | −14.116 | 0.023 | −9.370 | 0.001 | −12.486 | <0.001 |
Usually work more than 24 h | −12.527 | <0.001 | – | – | −14.898 | <0.001 | −12.480 | 0.002 |
Smoking | ||||||||
No | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Yes | 0.979 | 0.326 | 0.523 | 0.767 | −0.906 | 0.640 | 2.856 | 0.077 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
No | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Yes | −1.250 | 0.190 | 0.242 | 0.887 | 1.324 | 0.438 | −2.483 | 0.116 |
Chronic disease | ||||||||
No | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Yes | −2.068 | 0.023 | −6.448 | <0.001 | −2.828 | 0.030 | 1.535 | 0.396 |
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Zhang, X.; Chen, G.; Xu, F.; Zhou, K.; Zhuang, G. Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors of Frontline Railway Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Ankang Area, Shaanxi Province, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13121192
Zhang X, Chen G, Xu F, Zhou K, Zhuang G. Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors of Frontline Railway Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Ankang Area, Shaanxi Province, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(12):1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13121192
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xiaona, Gang Chen, Feng Xu, Kaina Zhou, and Guihua Zhuang. 2016. "Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors of Frontline Railway Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Ankang Area, Shaanxi Province, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 12: 1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13121192