Associations between Active Commuting to School and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Spanish School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Design
2.2. Mode of Commuting to School
2.3. Health-Related Physical Fitness
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
Variables | N | All Mean (SD) | N | Boys Mean (SD) | N | Girls Mean (SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 469 | 9.2 | (0.6) | 251 | 9.3 | (0.6) | 218 | 9.2 | (0.6) |
Weight (kg) | 424 | 37.3 | (10.1) | 235 | 37.7 | (10.3) | 187 | 37.0 | (9.8) |
Height (cm)
BMI (kg/m2) | 410
410 | 140.5
18.6 | (8.8)
(3.7) | 226
226 | 140.9
18.6 | (8.7)
(3.7) | 182
184 | 140.2
18.5 | (8.8)
(3.7) |
WC (cm) | 423 | 67.2 | (10.0) | 235 | 67.7 | (10.5) | 188 | 66.7 | (9.2) |
Sexual maturation status (%)
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 | 420 | 26.7 60.5 12.1 0.7 | 233 | 4.3 84.5 10.3 0.9 | 187 | 54.5 30.5 14.4 0.5 | |||
Cardiorespiratory fitness VO2max (mL/kg per min) | 413 | 41.5 | (4.3) | 229 | 42.6 | (4.6) | 184 | 40.2 | (3.6) |
20-m shuttle run (stage) | 413 | 1.9 | (1.3) | 229 | 2.3 | (1.5) | 184 | 1.5 | (1.0) |
Muscular fitness
Standing long jump (cm) Handgrip strength (kg) | 420 423 | 114.1 14.4 | (22.4) (6.7) | 233 234 | 119.0 14.4 | (20.3) (3.0) | 187 189 | 109.8 14.3 | (19.1) (9.5) |
Speed-agility4x10 shuttle run (s) | 419 | 14.8 | (2.3) | 232 | 13.7 | (1.4) | 187 | 14.2 | (1.3) |
Frequency of active travel (nº/week) * | 469 | 4 | (0,9) | 251 | 4 | (0,9) | 218 | 4 (0,9) | |
Mode of commuting º/week)
* Walk Bike Car Motorcycle Bus Others | 469 | 4 (0,9) 0 (0,0) 4 (0,9) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) | 251 | 3(0,9) 0(0,0) 4(0,8) 0(0,0) 0(0,0) 0(0,0) | 218 | 4 (0,9) 0 (0,0) 5 (0,9) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) | |||
Distance to school (m) * | 324 | 600 (412,1000) | 163 | 650 (450,1000) | 161 | 600 (400,1000) |
Fitness tests * | Active Commuting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | ||||||
ß | SE | p | ß | SE | p | ||
Cardiorespiratory fitness 20-m shuttle run (stage) | −0.024 | 0.036 | 0.488 | −0.005 | 0.018 | 0.786 | |
Muscular fitness Standing long jump (cm) | −0.495 | 0.297 | 0.435 | 1.009 | 0.433 | 0.016 | |
Handgrip strength (kg) | −0.117 | 0.068 | 0.121 | 0.331 | 0.208 | 0.168 | |
Speed-agility 4 × 10 shuttle run (s) | 0.062 | 0.031 | 0.048 | −0.046 | 0.031 | 0.127 |
4. Discussion
4.1. Cardiovascular Fitness
4.2. Muscular Fitness
4.3. Speed-Agility
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Villa-González, E.; Ruiz, J.R.; Chillón, P. Associations between Active Commuting to School and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Spanish School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 10362-10373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120910362
Villa-González E, Ruiz JR, Chillón P. Associations between Active Commuting to School and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Spanish School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(9):10362-10373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120910362
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilla-González, Emilio, Jonatan R. Ruiz, and Palma Chillón. 2015. "Associations between Active Commuting to School and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Spanish School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 9: 10362-10373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120910362