Flow Injection Analysis with Electrochemical Detection for Rapid Identification of Platinum-Based Cytostatics and Platinum Chlorides in Water

doi:10.3390/ijerph110201715

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11(2), 1715-1724; doi:10.3390/ijerph110201715

Article

Flow Injection Analysis with Electrochemical Detection for Rapid Identification of Platinum-Based Cytostatics and Platinum Chlorides in Water

Marketa Kominkova^1,2,3, Zbynek Heger^1,2,3, Ondrej Zitka^1,2,3, Jindrich Kynicky^4,5, Miroslav Pohanka^3,5, Miroslava Beklova^2,3, Vojtech Adam^1,2 and Rene Kizek^1,2,*

¹ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic ² Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic ³ Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic ⁴ Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic ⁵ Karel Englis College, Sujanovo nam, 356/1, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 4 December 2013; in revised form: 17 January 2014 / Accepted: 23 January 2014 / Published: 4 February 2014

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Abstract: Platinum-based cytostatics, such as cisplatin, carboplatin or oxaliplatin are widely used agents in the treatment of various types of tumors. Large amounts of these drugs are excreted through the urine of patients into wastewaters in unmetabolised forms. This phenomenon leads to increased amounts of platinum ions in the water environment. The impacts of these pollutants on the water ecosystem are not sufficiently investigated as well as their content in water sources. In order to facilitate the detection of various types of platinum, we have developed a new, rapid, screening flow injection analysis method with electrochemical detection (FIA-ED). Our method, based on monitoring of the changes in electrochemical behavior of analytes, maintained by various pH buffers (Britton-Robinson and phosphate buffer) and potential changes (1,000, 1,100 and 1,200 mV) offers rapid and cheap selective determination of platinum-based cytostatics and platinum chlorides, which can also be present as contaminants in water environments.

Keywords: platinum-based cytostatics; platinum chlorides; flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection; hydrodynamic voltammograms

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kominkova, M.; Heger, Z.; Zitka, O.; Kynicky, J.; Pohanka, M.; Beklova, M.; Adam, V.; Kizek, R. Flow Injection Analysis with Electrochemical Detection for Rapid Identification of Platinum-Based Cytostatics and Platinum Chlorides in Water. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 1715-1724.

AMA Style

Kominkova M, Heger Z, Zitka O, Kynicky J, Pohanka M, Beklova M, Adam V, Kizek R. Flow Injection Analysis with Electrochemical Detection for Rapid Identification of Platinum-Based Cytostatics and Platinum Chlorides in Water. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(2):1715-1724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kominkova, Marketa; Heger, Zbynek; Zitka, Ondrej; Kynicky, Jindrich; Pohanka, Miroslav; Beklova, Miroslava; Adam, Vojtech; Kizek, Rene. 2014. "Flow Injection Analysis with Electrochemical Detection for Rapid Identification of Platinum-Based Cytostatics and Platinum Chlorides in Water." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, no. 2: 1715-1724.

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