The Influence of Fish Length on Tissue Mercury Dynamics: Implications for Natural Resource Management and Human Health Risk
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Site Selection and Sampling
2.2. Fish Processing and Analyses
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results
3.1.1. Fish Tissue Hg
3.1.2. Screening Levels and Length Limits
Species | Lake | P-value | R2 | Equation | Estimated length at Hg levels for | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EPA (0.3 ppm) | NC (0.4 ppm) | FDA (1.0 ppm) | |||||
Bluegill | Adger | 0.20 | 0.12 | log10(Hg) = −1.262 + 0.000975 * TL | >300 | >300 | >300 |
Bennett’s Millpond | 0.20 | 0.12 | log10(Hg) = −1.537 + 0.00172 * TL | >300 | >300 | >300 | |
Buckhorn | <0.01 | 0.56 | log10(Hg) = −1.389 + 0.00211* TL | >300 | >300 | >300 | |
Mackintosh | <0.01 | 0.61 | log10(Hg) = −1.687 + 0.00424 * TL | 274.9 * | >300 | >300 | |
Waterville | <0.01 | 0.76 | log10(Hg) = −1.639 + 0.00335 * TL | >300 | >300 | >300 | |
White | <0.01 | 0.65 | log10(Hg) = −1.196 + 0.00296 * TL | 227.3 | 269.5 * | >300 | |
Black Crappie | Adger | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Bennett’s Millpond | <0.01 | 0.92 | log10(Hg) = −2.481 + 0.00651 * TL | 300.9 | 320.1 | 381.3 * | |
Buckhorn | 0.02 | 0.55 | log10(Hg) = −1.744 + 0.00489 * TL | 249.8 | 275.3 | 356.7 | |
Mackintosh | <0.01 | 0.54 | log10(Hg) = −1.357 + 0.00162 * TL | >500 | >500 | >500 | |
Waterville | 0.05 | 0.39 | log10(Hg) = −1.816 + 0.00431 * TL | 299.9 | 328.9 | 421.3 * | |
White | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
Largemouth Bass | Adger | <0.01 | 0.79 | log10(Hg) = −1.258 + 0.00204 * TL | 361.1 | 422.5 | 618.0 * |
Bennett’s Millpond | <0.01 | 0.64 | log10(Hg) = −1.315 + 0.00191 * TL | 414.1 | 479.4 | 687.5 * | |
Buckhorn | <0.01 | 0.77 | log10(Hg) = −1.396 + 0.00255 * TL | 341.8 | 390.8 | 546.6 | |
Mackintosh | <0.01 | 0.73 | log10(Hg) = −2.619 + 0.00530 * TL | 395.2 | 418.7 | 493.8 | |
Waterville | <0.01 | 0.84 | log10(Hg) = −1.412 + 0.00206 * TL | 432.1 | 492.8 | 686.3 * | |
White | <0.01 | 0.64 | log10(Hg) = −0.659 + 0.00121 * TL | 112.1 | 215.1 | 543.4 |
3.1.3. Fish Length, Age and Trophic Position
Species | Lake | Hg and TL | Hg and age | Hg and trophic position | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | partial r | r | partial r | r | partial r | ||
Bluegill | Adger | 0.35 | −0.31 | 0.51 | 0.49 | −0.08 | −0.12 |
Bennett’s Millpond | 0.35 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.47 | |
Buckhorn | 0.75 | −0.08 | 0.75 | 0.20 | 0.81 | 0.47 | |
Mackintosh | 0.78 | −0.36 | 0.86 | 0.65 | −0.01 | −0.10 | |
Waterville | 0.87 | 0.46 | 0.86 | −0.0034 | 0.92 | 0.78 | |
White | 0.80 | 0.24 | 0.84 | 0.49 | 0.19 | −0.15 | |
Black Crappie | Adger | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Bennett’s Millpond | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.58 | 0.76 | 0.55 | 0.73 | |
Buckhorn | 0.74 | 0.35 | 0.90 | 0.81 | 0.07 | 0.43 | |
Mackintosh | 0.73 | 0.68 | 0.61 | 0.53 | 0.04 | −0.0061 | |
Waterville | 0.63 | 0.41 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.33 | −0.19 | |
White | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
Largemouth Bass | Adger | 0.89 | 0.59 | 0.88 | 0.40 | −0.39 | −0.17 |
Bennett’s Millpond | 0.80 | 0.30 | 0.85 | 0.45 | 0.72 | 0.33 | |
Buckhorn | 0.88 | 0.72 | 0.84 | 0.58 | 0.85 | 0.70 | |
Mackintosh | 0.86 | 0.62 | 0.69 | −0.09 | 0.73 | −0.21 | |
Waterville | 0.92 | 0.43 | 0.91 | 0.41 | 0.27 | −0.17 | |
White | 0.80 | 0.24 | 0.82 | 0.40 | 0.69 | 0.12 |
3.2. Discussion
3.2.1. Length Thresholds for Increased Risk
3.2.2. Modifying Regulations to Reduce Risk
3.2.3. Differences among Systems
3.2.4. Fish Length, Age and Trophic Position
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Sackett, D.K.; Cope, W.G.; Rice, J.A.; Aday, D.D. The Influence of Fish Length on Tissue Mercury Dynamics: Implications for Natural Resource Management and Human Health Risk. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 638-659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10020638
Sackett DK, Cope WG, Rice JA, Aday DD. The Influence of Fish Length on Tissue Mercury Dynamics: Implications for Natural Resource Management and Human Health Risk. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013; 10(2):638-659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10020638
Chicago/Turabian StyleSackett, Dana K., W. Gregory Cope, James A. Rice, and D. Derek Aday. 2013. "The Influence of Fish Length on Tissue Mercury Dynamics: Implications for Natural Resource Management and Human Health Risk" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 2: 638-659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10020638