Surface Energy Balance Based Evapotranspiration Mapping in the Texas High Plains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.1. METRIC
2.2. Data
2.3. Radiometric and Atmospheric Calibration of Satellite Images
2.4. METRIC ET Verification
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Surface Temperature
3.2. Net Radiation
3.3. Soil Heat Flux
3.4. Sensible Heat Flux
3.5. Daily ET
3. Conclusions
Appendix A
Gypsum Block Soil Moisture Readings
Appendix B
Root Zone Soil Water Content Computation
References and Notes
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Variable | Units | Cold Pixel178 | Hot Pixel178 | Cold Pixel210 | Hot Pixel210 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elevation | M | 907 | 907 | 907 | 907 |
ETrF | - | 1.05 | 0 | 1.05 | 0 |
Ts | K | 291.7 | 308.0 | 291.6 | 315.1 |
Rn | W m-2 | 695.0 | 532.0 | 692.4 | 577.0 |
G | W m-2 | 61.1 | 106.4 | 27.8 | 139.5 |
Zom | m | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.125 | 0.007 |
U(200 m) | m s-1 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
Atmospheric stability corrected values | |||||
rah | s m-1 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 22.8 | 14.6 |
u* | m s-1 | 0.78 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.35 |
L_MO | m | 241.2 | -44.2 | 162.4 | -7.4 |
dT | K | -1.36 | 4.43 | -0.36 | 6.55 |
LE | W m-2 | 788.4 | 0.0 | 680.9 | 0.0 |
H | W m-2 | -154.5 | 425.6 | -16.3 | 437.5 |
Soil water balance | METRIC | ETd Difference (DOY 178) | ETd Difference (DOY 210) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crop | ETobserved (DOY 178) | ETobserved (DOY 210) | ETestimated (DOY 178) | ETestimated (DOY 210) | error | error | error | error |
mm d-1 | mm d-1 | mm d-1 | mm d-1 | mm d-1 | % | mm d-1 | % | |
Fully irrigated corn | 11.7 | 9.0 | 13.7 | 9.5 | 2.0 | 17.1 | 0.5 | 6.0 |
Irrigated silage corn | 6.2 | 9.1 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 17.7 | -0.8 | -8.8 |
Limited irrigated cotton | 1.4 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 3.3 | -1.0 | -71.4 | 0.8 | 32.0 |
Irrigated cotton | 5.9 | 3.5 | 6.1 | 3.1 | 0.2 | 3.4 | -0.4 | -11.4 |
MBE = | 0.6 | -8.3 | 0.0 | 4.5 | ||||
RMSE = | 1.3 | 42.6 | 0.8 | 19.9 |
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Gowda, P.H.; Chávez, J.L.; Howell, T.A.; Marek, T.H.; New, L.L. Surface Energy Balance Based Evapotranspiration Mapping in the Texas High Plains. Sensors 2008, 8, 5186-5201. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8085186
Gowda PH, Chávez JL, Howell TA, Marek TH, New LL. Surface Energy Balance Based Evapotranspiration Mapping in the Texas High Plains. Sensors. 2008; 8(8):5186-5201. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8085186
Chicago/Turabian StyleGowda, Prasanna H., José L. Chávez, Terry A. Howell, Thomas H. Marek, and Leon L. New. 2008. "Surface Energy Balance Based Evapotranspiration Mapping in the Texas High Plains" Sensors 8, no. 8: 5186-5201. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8085186