Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Kidney Diseases: A New Biomarker
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Common Types of mtDNA Damage
2.1. Impaired mtDNA Replication
2.2. mtDNA Mutations
2.3. mtDNA Leakage
2.4. mtDNA Methylation
3. mtDNA Distribution in Kidney Diseases
3.1. mtDNA in Peripheral Serum
3.2. mtDNA in Urine
4. mtDNA Damage in Kidney Diseases
4.1. Impaired mtDNA Replication
4.2. mtDNA Mutations
4.3. mtDNA Leakage
4.4. mtDNA Methylation
5. Pharmacological Intervention of mtDNA Damage in Kidney Diseases
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mutation | Gene | Clinical Characters | Diagnosis | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
m.616T>C | MT-tRNAPhe | Recurrent swelling and pain | CKD | [28] |
Renal insufficiency | Hyperuricemia | |||
m.3243A>G | MT-TL1 | Chest tightness and shortness of breath | Membranous nephropathy | [99] |
Hyperlactatemia | ||||
Hyperuricemia | ||||
Proteinuria | ||||
m.6145G>A | MT-CO1 | Chronic tubulointerstitial changes | Rhabdomyolysis | [100] |
Elevated serum creatinine level Dark-colored urine Mitochondrial abnormalities | ||||
m.616T>C | MT-tRNAPhe | Developmental delay Epilepsy Hypertension Electrolyte disturbance Chronic renal insufficiency | Autosomal-dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease | [101] |
m.13513G>A m.13514G>A | MT-ND5 | Anuric AKI | Tubulo-interstitial kidney disease | [102] |
Acute pulmonary edema | ||||
Hyperlactatemia with metabolic acidosis | ||||
Proteinuria | ||||
Hypertension | ||||
m.4216T>C | MT-ND1 | Higher levels of fasting glucose | DKD | [103] |
Decreased renal function | ||||
3571_3572insC | MT-ND1 | - | Renal oncocytoma | [104] |
3571delC | ||||
10952_10953insC | MT-ND4 | |||
11038delA | ||||
12384_12385insT | MT-ND5 | |||
12390_12391insC | ||||
m.13493T>C | ||||
m.3243A>G | MT-TL1 | |||
m.3565T>AC | MT-ND1 | - | ChRCC | [105] |
m.3922G>A | ||||
m.4569G>A | MT-ND2 | |||
m.4969G>C | ||||
m.10806G>A | MT-ND4 | |||
m.11866A>AC | ||||
m.12384TC>T | MT-ND5 | |||
m.12417C>CA | ||||
m.13127AC>A | ||||
m.13206CTG>C | ||||
m.13230CA>C | ||||
m.14159C>A | MT-ND6 | |||
m.6490T>C | MT-CO1 | |||
m.9651C>T | MT-CO3 | |||
m.3243A>G | MT-TL1 | Proteinuria Decreased eGFR Hyperuricemia | FSGS | [106] |
Nephrosclerosis | ||||
DKD | ||||
Tubulointerstitial nephropathy | ||||
Minor glomerular abnormality | ||||
m.3243A>G | MT-TL1 | Osteoporosis | Nephrolithiasis | [107] |
Bilateral sensorineural deafness | ||||
Sensory axonal neuropathy | ||||
m.6129G>A | MT-CO1 | - | Von Hippel-Lindau renal oncocytoma | [108] |
m.8993T>G | MT-ATP6 | Proteinuria Decreased eGFR | Neuropathy, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa syndrome | [109] |
End-stage renal disease | ||||
m.3243A>G | MT-TL1 | Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Proteinuria | Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia | [110] |
FSGS | ||||
m.547A>T | MT-HSP | Interstitial fibrosis | Tubulointerstitial kidney disease | [111] |
m.616T>C | MT-tRNAPhe | Tubular atrophy | ||
m.09155A>G | MT-ATP6 | Central obesity Proteinuria Impaired glucose tolerance | Maternally inherited deafness and diabetes FSGS | [112] |
m.5540G>A | MT-TW | Proteinuria Hypertension | Cataract | [113] |
Basal ganglia calcification | ||||
Retinitis pigmentosa | ||||
m.9267G>C m.5913G>A | MT-CO3 MT-CO1 | Hypertension | Mitochondrial diabetes DKD | [114] |
Nephropathy | ||||
Hyperglycemia | ||||
Insulin resistance | ||||
Deafness | ||||
m.7501T>A | MT-tRNASer | Proteinuria | Glomerulosclerosis Diabetes mellitus | [115] |
Hypertension | ||||
Hyperglycemia |
Therapeutic Interventions | Models | Main Effects on mtDNA and Mitochondrial Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Fluorofenidone | UUO and IRI | Increased mtDNA copy number Increased TFAM and PGC-1α expression Maintained mitochondrial structure Reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress | [90] |
l-carnitine | DKD | Decreased circulating mtDNA content Reduced mtROS production Suppressed inflammation | [124] |
Sacubitril/valsartan | DKD | Albuminuria Inhibited cGAS-STING signaling Decreased oxidative response | [126] |
Coenzyme Q10 | IRI | Alleviated mtDNA damage Suppressed inflammatory and oxidative responses | [127] |
Treprostinil | IRI | Increased mtDNA copy number Increased PGC-1α expression | [128] |
Increased ATP level | |||
Reduced mitochondrial oxidative injury | |||
Roxadustat | IRI | Increased ATPβ and PPARγ expression, and mtDNA | [129] |
Alleviated DNA damage | |||
Celastrol | Cisplatin-induced AKI | Increased mtDNA copy number Increased MMP Restored OXPHOS activity | [130] |
H151 | Cisplatin-induced AKI | Restored mtDNA content Reversed mitochondrial gene expression Suppressed inflammation | [131] |
Adiponectin | DKD | Increased mtDNA content Increased TFAM and PGC-1α expression Increased mitochondrial mass Increased MMP | [132] |
Salidroside | DKD | Increased mtDNA copy number Enhanced ETC proteins Increased PGC-1α expression | [133] |
Artemether | Adriamycin nephropathy | Restored redox imbalance Increased mtDNA copy number | [134] |
Improved mitochondrial function |
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Feng, J.; Chen, Z.; Liang, W.; Wei, Z.; Ding, G. Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Kidney Diseases: A New Biomarker. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315166
Feng J, Chen Z, Liang W, Wei Z, Ding G. Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Kidney Diseases: A New Biomarker. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):15166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315166
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeng, Jun, Zhaowei Chen, Wei Liang, Zhongping Wei, and Guohua Ding. 2022. "Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Kidney Diseases: A New Biomarker" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 15166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315166