Aggregation of Human Trophoblast Cells into Three-Dimensional Culture System Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Characteristics through Cytoskeleton Regulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Aggregation of Human Trophoblast Cells in 3D Cultures
2.2. 3D–Cultured Sw.71 Cells Possess Distinct Gene Expression Patterns Compared with 2D–Cultured Cells
2.3. Spheroid Sw.71 Cells Grown under 3D Culture Conditions Reduce Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion
2.4. NF-κB Levels are Higher in Spheroid Sw.71 Cells
2.5. Post–Transcriptional Factor Regnase-1 More Abundant in Spheroid Sw.71 Cells
2.6. Spheroid Sw.71 Cells Change Cytoskeletal–Related Molecules
2.7. Actin Cytoskeleton Regulates 3D Cell Formation and IL–6 Secretion
2.8. Spheroid Sw.71 Cells Modulate Inflammatory Responses
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Human Trophoblast Cell Culture
4.2. Transcriptome Analysis of Human Trophoblast Cells
4.3. Real–Time RT-PCR
4.4. Determination of Cytokines
4.5. NF-κB p65 Activation Assay
4.6. Western Blot Analysis
4.7. Immunocytochemistry
4.8. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Seno, K.; Munakata, Y.; Sano, M.; Kawahara-Miki, R.; Takahashi, H.; Ohkuchi, A.; Iwata, H.; Kuwayama, T.; Shirasuna, K. Aggregation of Human Trophoblast Cells into Three-Dimensional Culture System Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Characteristics through Cytoskeleton Regulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082322
Seno K, Munakata Y, Sano M, Kawahara-Miki R, Takahashi H, Ohkuchi A, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Aggregation of Human Trophoblast Cells into Three-Dimensional Culture System Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Characteristics through Cytoskeleton Regulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(8):2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082322
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeno, Kotomi, Yasuhisa Munakata, Michiya Sano, Ryouka Kawahara-Miki, Hironori Takahashi, Akihide Ohkuchi, Hisataka Iwata, Takehito Kuwayama, and Koumei Shirasuna. 2018. "Aggregation of Human Trophoblast Cells into Three-Dimensional Culture System Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Characteristics through Cytoskeleton Regulation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8: 2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082322