Biofunctionalized Scaffold in Bone Tissue Repair
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs) Characterization
2.2. Human Osteogenesis Expression Signature
2.3. EVO In Vivo Evaluation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture and Characterization
4.2. (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) Tetrazolium Reduction (MTT) Assay
4.3. Scaffold Material
4.4. CM Collection
4.5. RNA Extraction and TaqMan Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.6. Statistical Analysis
4.7. Animals
4.8. Ethics Statement for Animal Use
4.9. Membrane Grafting
4.10. Experimental Design
- EVO Group (n = 4): rats subjected to the scraping of the cortical calvaria bone tissue and implant of EVO;
- EVO + hPDLSCs (n = 4): rats subjected to the scraping of the cortical calvaria bone tissue and implant of EVO + hPDLSCs;
- EVO + CM (n = 4): rats subjected to the scraping of the cortical calvaria bone tissue and implant of EVO + CM;
- EVO + CM + hPDLSCs (n = 4): rats subjected to the scraping of the cortical calvaria bone tissue and implant of EVO + CM + hPDLSCs;
4.11. Micro-CT Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ECM | Extracellular matrix |
β-TCP | β-tricalcium phosphate |
HA | Hydroxyapatite |
PCL | Polycaprolactone |
PGA | Polyglycolic acid |
PLA | Poly-(lactide) |
PLGA | Polylactic co-glycolic acid |
MSCs | Mesenchymal stem cells |
BMPs | Bone morphogenetic proteins |
TGF-β3 | Transforming growth factor β3 |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
IL | Interleukin |
SDF-1α | Stromal cell-derived factor 1α |
MCP-1 | Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 |
MIP-1α | Macrophage inflammatory protein 1α |
COL | Collagen |
FDR | False discovery rate |
PDLSCs | Periodontal ligament stem cells |
hPDLSCs | Human periodontal ligament stem cells |
CM | Conditioned medium |
hGMSCs | Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells |
EVO | Collagen membrane Evolution |
MTT | (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction |
Mag | Magnification |
SMADs | Small mothers against decapentaplegic |
GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
GUSB | Glucuronidase β |
18S | 18S ribosomal RNAs |
HPRT | Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase |
PKH26 | PKH26-Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit |
ALP | Alkaline phosphatase |
OPN | Osteopontin |
CT | Computed tomography |
SOX9 | Sex determining region Y-box 9 |
WJ-MSCs | Wharton’s jelly of umbilical cord stem cells |
PBS | Phosphate buffered saline |
TIFF | Tagged image file format |
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Diomede, F.; D’Aurora, M.; Gugliandolo, A.; Merciaro, I.; Orsini, T.; Gatta, V.; Piattelli, A.; Trubiani, O.; Mazzon, E. Biofunctionalized Scaffold in Bone Tissue Repair. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19041022
Diomede F, D’Aurora M, Gugliandolo A, Merciaro I, Orsini T, Gatta V, Piattelli A, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Biofunctionalized Scaffold in Bone Tissue Repair. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(4):1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19041022
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiomede, Francesca, Marco D’Aurora, Agnese Gugliandolo, Ilaria Merciaro, Tiziana Orsini, Valentina Gatta, Adriano Piattelli, Oriana Trubiani, and Emanuela Mazzon. 2018. "Biofunctionalized Scaffold in Bone Tissue Repair" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 4: 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19041022