Reactive Oxygen Species Generated by NADPH Oxidases Promote Radicle Protrusion and Root Elongation during Rice Seed Germination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Diphenyleneiodinium (DPI) Inhibits Germination and Radicle Elongation of Rice Seeds
2.2. Embryo Viability Decreases after 25 μM DPI Treatment
2.3. O2− Is Produced and Accumulates in the Embryo of Seeds in Water, Especially in the Coleorhiza and Radicle, though This Process Is Inhibited by 25 µM DPI
2.4. H2O2 Is Produced and Accumulated in the Embryo and Aleurone Layer of Seeds in Water, but This Process Is Inhibited by 25 µM DPI Only in the Embryo
2.5. Peroxidase Activity Increases in Both the Embryo and Aleurone Layer of Seeds in Water and Is Inhibited by 25 µM DPI
2.6. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Are Crucial for Radicle and Root Elongation but Not for Seedling Leaf Growth
2.7. Different Expression Profiles of NOX Family Genes during Rice Seed Germination
3. Discussion
3.1. Difference in Germination Characteristics between Dicots and Monocots: Involvement of ROS Generated by NOXs in Rice Seed Germination and Root Elongation of Seedling
3.2. Functional Diversity and the Possible Role(s) of the Rice NOX Family in Rice Seed Germination and Root Elongation
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Non-Plant Materials
4.2. Plant Materials and Seed Germination
4.3. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) Staining
4.4. Histochemical Localization and Quantification of O2−
4.5. Histochemical Localization and Quantification of H2O2
4.6. Histochemical Detection of Peroxidase Activity
4.7. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR)
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, W.-Y.; Chen, B.-X.; Chen, Z.-J.; Gao, Y.-T.; Chen, Z.; Liu, J. Reactive Oxygen Species Generated by NADPH Oxidases Promote Radicle Protrusion and Root Elongation during Rice Seed Germination. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010110
Li W-Y, Chen B-X, Chen Z-J, Gao Y-T, Chen Z, Liu J. Reactive Oxygen Species Generated by NADPH Oxidases Promote Radicle Protrusion and Root Elongation during Rice Seed Germination. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(1):110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010110
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Wen-Yan, Bing-Xian Chen, Zhong-Jian Chen, Yin-Tao Gao, Zhuang Chen, and Jun Liu. 2017. "Reactive Oxygen Species Generated by NADPH Oxidases Promote Radicle Protrusion and Root Elongation during Rice Seed Germination" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 1: 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010110