Role of Lipids in the Onset, Progression and Treatment of Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review of Studies in Humans
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Selection Criteria
4.2. Information Source and Search Terms
4.3. Search Strategy
4.4. Data Collection Process, Data Items, and Summary Measures
4.5. Quality Assessment and Risk of Bias
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BOP | bleeding on probing |
CAL | clinical attachment loss |
CI | confidence interval |
CPI | Community Periodontal Index |
DHA | docosahexaenoic acid |
DM | diabetes mellitus |
EPA | eicosapentanoic acid |
FFQ | food frequency questionnaire |
GCF | gingivocrevicular fluid |
GI | Gingival Index |
GLA | γ-linoleic acid |
hsCRP | high sensitivity C-reactive protein |
IRR | incidence rate ratio |
LDL | low density lipoprotein |
Mesh | Medical Subjects Headings |
MGI | Modified Gingival Index |
MMP-8 | matrix metalloproteinase-8 |
NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Survey |
OR | odds ratio |
PI | Plaque Index |
PPD | Periodontal probing depth |
PUFA | polyunsaturated fatty acid |
RANKL | receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand |
RCT | randomized-controlled trial |
RR | relative risk |
SBI | Sulcus Bleeding Index |
SFA | saturated fatty acids |
SRP | scaling and root planning |
TLR-4 | toll-like receptor 4 |
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Reference; Study Type | Subjects; Age | Main Outcomes/Groups Compared | Exposures | Main Results/Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hamasaki, et al., 2016 [40]; CS | 3043 NHANES participants (Japan) ≥20 years | Adjusted OR of CPI = 3–4 | Dietary intake of total fat (wt and %E) | Negative association with dietary intake of fat in %E |
Naqvi, et al., 2010 [41]; CS | 9182 NHANES 1999–2004 participants (USA); ≥20 years | Adjusted OR of periodontitis 1 | Dietary intake of FA | Negative association with n-3 PUFA, DHA, EPA and GLA |
Requirand, et al., 2000 [42]; CC | 105 patients (France) 41.1 ± 2.6 years/43.4 ± 6.6 years | Suffered from bone loss ≤3 mm on several teeth vs. normal bone height-periodontium | Serum levels of PUFA | n-6 PUFA were higher in patients with bone loss, whereas n-3 PUFA were lower |
Iwasaki, et al., 2010 [43]; C | 55 Niigata study participants (Japan); 74 years | IRR of periodontal disease events 2 | Dietary intakes of DHA, and EPA | Negative association with DHA intake |
Iwasaki, et al., 2011 [44]; C | 235 Niigata study participants (Japan); 75 years | Adjusted RR of periodontal disease events 3 | Dietary intakes energy- adjusted of n-6 and n-3 PUFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio | Positive association with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio |
Iwasaki, et al., 2011 [45]; C | 264 Niigata study participants (Japan); 75 years | Adjusted RR of periodontal disease events 3 | Energy-adjusted dietary intakes of SFA | Positive association |
Reference; Study Type | Subjects; Age | Experimental Treatments (Duration) | Analytic Measurement | Main Results/Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|
Campan, et al., 1997 [46]; RCT | 37 healthy volunteers with intensive oral hygiene for 14 days | Oral hygiene abstention (29 days), in combination with supplementation with fish oil or olive oil as placebo (last 8 days) | PI, GI, PBI, and gingival levels (only in 10 volunteers) of AA, EPA, DHA, DPA, PGE2 and LTB4 | Fish oil supplements reduced GI, but there are no differences between experimental and control group. LTB4 was lower fish oil treated subjects |
Rosenstein, et al., 2003 [47]; RCT (DB) | 30 subjects with periodontitis; 18–60 years | Supplementation with EPA or borage oil, both, or a mixture of olive and corn oil as placebo (12 weeks) | PI, MGI, BOP, PPD and CAL and salivary RANKL and MMP-8 | Supplementation with borage oil or EPA improved PPD, but only borage oil effect was significant respect to placebo. Additionally, it also improved MGI |
Deore, et al., 2014 [48]; RCT (DB) | 60 subjects with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis; 45.4 ± 4.9/44.5 ± 5.2 years | Supplementation with n-3 PUFA or placebo; after SRP (6 or 12 weeks) | ABL, P. gingivalis identification, serum FA profile | Treatment reduced PPD and salivary RANKL and MMP-8 levels; and increased CAL |
Martinez, et al., 2014 [49]; RCT (DB) | 15 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (43.1 ± 6/46.1 ± 11.6 years) | Supplementation with n-3 PUFA or placebo; after SRP (12 months) | % BOP, visible plaque index, PPD and CAL | No effect |
El-Sharkawy, et al., 2010 [50]; RCT (DB) | 80 subjects with advanced chronic periodontitis; 30–70 years | Supplementation with fish oil and aspirin or placebo; after SRP (3 or 6 months) | PI, GI, OHIS, BOP, SBI, PPD, CAL and serum levels of CRP | Supplementation with borage oil or EPA improved PPD, but only borage oil effect was significant respect to placebo. Additionally, it also improved MGI |
Naqvi, et al., 2014 [51]; RCT (DB) | 46 subjects with moderate periodontitis; adults | Supplementation with DHA or soy/corn oil capsules, in combination with aspirin (3 months) | GI, PI, BOP, PPD, GCF levels of hsCRP, IL-6 and IL-1β, systemic inflammatory markers plasma levels, and erythrocytes fatty acids | Supplementation with DHA decreased mean PPD and GI. This was accompanied by lower hsCRP and IL-1β levels in GCF |
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Varela-López, A.; Giampieri, F.; Bullón, P.; Battino, M.; Quiles, J.L. Role of Lipids in the Onset, Progression and Treatment of Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review of Studies in Humans. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081202
Varela-López A, Giampieri F, Bullón P, Battino M, Quiles JL. Role of Lipids in the Onset, Progression and Treatment of Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review of Studies in Humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(8):1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081202
Chicago/Turabian StyleVarela-López, Alfonso, Francesca Giampieri, Pedro Bullón, Maurizio Battino, and José L. Quiles. 2016. "Role of Lipids in the Onset, Progression and Treatment of Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review of Studies in Humans" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 8: 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081202