Moracin C, A Phenolic Compound Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus, Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Inflammatory Responses in Murine Raw264.7 Macrophages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cytotoxicity on Macrophage
2.2. Effect of Natural Products on the Generation of NO
2.3. MC Reduces LPS-Induced ROS Production
2.4. MC Inhibits LPS-Induced mRNA and Protein Expression of iNOS and COX-2
2.5. MC Suppresses LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression
2.6. MC Inhibits LPS-Induced TLR4 Expression and NF-κB Activation
2.7. MC Inhibits LPS-Induced MAPKs Pathways Activation
3. Discussion
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Materials and Reagents
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Nitrite Assay
4.4. Cell Viability Assay
4.5. Measurement of the Content of ROS
4.6. Cytokine Quantification
4.7. RNA Extraction and Reverse Transcriptase (RT-PCR)
4.8. Extraction of Total, Cytosol, and Nuclear Proteins
4.9. Western Blot Analysis
4.10. NF-κB Luciferase Reporter Assay
4.11. Immunofluorescence Analysis
4.12. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AB | Artoheterophyllin B |
AR | Artocarpin |
COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2 |
CY | Cycloheterophyllin |
DA | Dadahol A |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
FBS | fetal bovine serum |
HY | 25-Hydroxycycloart-23-en-3-one |
IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
iNOS | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
MA | Morachalcone A |
MAPKs | mitogen activated protein kinases |
MC | Moracin C |
NO | nitric oxide |
NF-κB | Nuclear Factor-κB |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
TLRs | Toll-like receptors |
TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor α |
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Yao, X.; Wu, D.; Dong, N.; Ouyang, P.; Pu, J.; Hu, Q.; Wang, J.; Lu, W.; Huang, J. Moracin C, A Phenolic Compound Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus, Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Inflammatory Responses in Murine Raw264.7 Macrophages. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081199
Yao X, Wu D, Dong N, Ouyang P, Pu J, Hu Q, Wang J, Lu W, Huang J. Moracin C, A Phenolic Compound Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus, Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Inflammatory Responses in Murine Raw264.7 Macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(8):1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081199
Chicago/Turabian StyleYao, Xue, Dang Wu, Ningning Dong, Ping Ouyang, Jiaqian Pu, Qian Hu, Jingyuan Wang, Weiqiang Lu, and Jin Huang. 2016. "Moracin C, A Phenolic Compound Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus, Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Inflammatory Responses in Murine Raw264.7 Macrophages" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 8: 1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081199