High Salt Diet Affects Renal Sodium Excretion and ERRα Expression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Salt Loading on Systolic Blood Pressure and Weight
2.2. Characteristic Response to Dietary and Drug Intervention
2.3. Impact of Different Interventions on the Expression of ERRα in the Kidneys of SS.13BN and Dahl Salt-Sensitive (DS) Rats
2.4. The mRNA and Protein Expressions of Na+/K+-ATPase and Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC)
2.5. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay (CHIP)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Animals and Protocols
4.2. Measurement of Blood Pressure and Body Weight
4.3. Measurement of Blood and Urine Biochemical Indicators
4.4. Immunohistochemistry
4.5. QRT-PCR for ERRα, Na+/K+-ATPase and α-, β-, γ-ENaC Expressions in Kidneys
4.6. Western Blot Analyses of ERRα, Na+/K+-ATPase, and β-, γ-ENaC Expressions in Kidneys
4.7. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (CHIP) Assay
4.8. Statistical Analysis
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Weight (g) | SBP (mm Hg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Intervention | Baseline | Intervention | |
BN | 266.00 ± 5.18 | 340.60 ± 2.82 | 123.57 ± 1.67 | 144.71 ± 2.15 |
BH | 262.63 ± 4.90 | 309.13 ± 6.05 # | 122.14 ± 2.61 | 146.43 ± 3.17 |
BHD | 262.83 ± 1.92 | 301.00 ± 1.77 | 120.67 ± 1.20 | 147.67 ± 1.80 |
SN | 268.17 ± 3.87 | 344.83 ± 8.64 | 121.29 ± 2.60 | 146.14 ± 2.88 |
SH | 273.86 ± 5.57 | 313.4 ± 5.63 ** | 125.00 ± 3.00 | 174.71 ± 2.12 * |
SHD | 263.00 ± 2.86 | 306.56 ± 4.04 | 125.43 ± 2.03 | 155.43 ± 2.93 |
Group | Baseline | 1 Week | 2 Weeks | 3 Weeks | 4 Weeks | 5 Weeks | 6 Weeks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BN | 123.57 ± 1.67 | 133.00 ± 2.42 | 135.86 ± 2.21 | 137.14 ± 2.65 | 131.29 ± 1.76 | 136.71 ± 3.03 | 144.71 ± 2.15 |
BH | 122.14 ± 2.61 | 136.29 ± 1.84 | 140.71 ± 2.42 | 142.14 ± 2.20 | 140.71 ± 1.85 # | 144.29 ± 2.34 # | 146.43 ± 3.17 |
BHD | 120.67 ± 1.20 | 125.67 ± 1.63 | 131.50 ± 0.85 | 134.67 ± 1.56 | 143.00 ± 2.08 | 142.67 ± 2.16 | 147.67 ± 1.80 |
SN | 121.29 ± 3.00 | 132.86 ± 2.76 | 146.57 ± 2.09 | 144.71 ± 3.23 | 145.86 ± 2.30 | 145.29 ± 3.02 | 146.14 ± 2.88 |
SH | 125.00 ± 3.00 | 142.86 ± 2.11 * | 150.71 ± 2.67 $ | 167.86 ± 3.07 * | 161.29 ± 1.91 * | 166.43 ± 3.29 * | 174.71 ± 2.12 * |
SHD | 125.43 ± 2.03 | 132.29 ± 2.30 | 145.57 ± 2.63 & | 152.00 ± 2.73 & | 152.00 ± 2.82 & | 158.86 ± 1.10 & | 155.43 ± 2.93 & |
Parameters | BN | BH | BHD | SN | SH | SHD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Left kidney weight (g) | 1.16 ± 0.03 | 1.21 ± 0.04 | 1.17 ± 0.04 | 1.15 ± 0.02 | 1.28 ± 0.03 ** | 1.2 ± 0.08 |
KW/BW (‰) | 3.40 ± 0.09 | 3.80 ± 0.10 ## | 3.84 ± 0.13 | 3.44 ± 0.07 | 4.36 ± 0.11 **,$ | 4.05 ± 0.23 |
Blood parameters (μmol/L) | ||||||
Serum creatinine | 50.13 ± 3.16 | 47.93 ± 2.36 | 46.28 ± 0.46 | 53.35 ± 3.47 | 43.55 ± 2.12 ** | 48.33 ± 1.27 |
Serum sodium | 137.35 ± 0.43 | 139.40 ± 0.90 # | 136.13 ± 0.14 | 138.80 ± 0.36 | 140.53 ± 0.68 ** | 138.88 ± 0.60 |
Serum potassium | 4.50 ± 0.04 | 4.62 ± 0.04 | 4.65 ± 0.13 | 4.44 ± 0.05 | 4.37 ± 0.04 $ | 4.86 ± 0.04 |
Urinary parameters | ||||||
24 h urinary sodium (mmol/day) | 3.86 ± 0.19 | 41.15 ± 0.80 ## | 55.46 ± 2.32 | 3.34 ± 0.62 | 28.73 ± 1.59 * | 39.00 ± 0.82 & |
24 h urinary potassium (mmol/day) | 1.81 ± 0.07 | 5.57 ± 0.30 ## | 3.21 ± 0.43 | 0.97 ± 0.05 | 9.44 ± 0.53 * | 6.12 ± 0.40 & |
24 h urinary albumin (mg/day) | 24.19 ± 3.10 | 195.63 ± 34.00 ## | 182.24 ± 23.10 | 17.25 ± 6.43 | 234.85 ± 27.00 ** | 186.52 ± 30.41 |
24 h urine volume (mL) | 9.00 ± 0.71 | 62.25 ± 5.17 ## | 73.50 ± 3.62 | 8.00 ± 0.41 | 52.25 ± 5.84 && | 65.75 ± 5.90 |
Microalbuminuria (mg/day) | 0.71 ± 0.04 | 4.97 ± 0.23 ## | 4.58 ± 0.73 | 0.46 ± 0.15 | 6.05 ± 0.61 ** | 5.65 ± 0.82 |
Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 0.83 ± 0.12 | 0.72 ± 0.11 | 0.82 ± 0.07 | 0.80 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.07 * | 0.70 ± 0.05 |
Gene | Primers | Sequence (5′-3′) | Primer Length (bp) |
---|---|---|---|
GAPDH | Forward primer | GGCACAGTCAAGGCTGAGAATG | 22 |
Reverse primer | ATGGTGGTGAAGACGCCAGTA | 21 | |
ERRα | Forward primer | GATGTGGCCTCTGGCTACCACTA | 23 |
Reverse primer | CGGACAGCTGTACTCGATGCTC | 22 | |
Na-K-ATPase | Forward primer | ACTGGCAGAGAACGGCTTCCT | 21 |
Reverse primer | TCCGCTGCTCATAGGTCCACTC | 22 | |
α-ENaC | Forward primer | TGGTACCGCTTCCATTACAT | 20 |
Reverse primer | AGCGACAGGTGAAGATGAAG | 20 | |
β-ENaC | Forward primer | CACACCAACTGTGTCTTCCA | 20 |
Reverse primer | CATAGTTGGGAGGTGGAGTG | 20 | |
γ-ENaC | Forward primer | TCCTTGTATGGGGTCAAAGA | 20 |
Reverse primer | GAGCACAATTGAAATCCCAC | 20 | |
c-Atp1a3-1 | Forward primer | TCACTGAACACGCCTGCTAC | 20 |
Reverse primer | TCCTGCCTTCTGACTGGGAT | 20 | |
c-Atp1a3-2 | Forward primer | GTACCACGAGCCTTGTCTCAT | 21 |
Reverse primer | TTCAACCAGAAGCTCAAAAACCAG | 24 | |
c-ENaC-1 | Forward primer | CCAGCCCCTACTTCACCTG | 19 |
Reverse primer | GAAAAGAGAGACAGACTGACAGGAC | 25 | |
c-ENaC-2 | Forward primer | GGAGCCAGTCAAACAGTCCG | 20 |
Reverse primer | CATGGACCCCTTAGGCGAG | 19 |
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Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Liu, F.-Q.; Yuan, Z.-Y.; Mu, J.-J. High Salt Diet Affects Renal Sodium Excretion and ERRα Expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040480
Wang D, Wang Y, Liu F-Q, Yuan Z-Y, Mu J-J. High Salt Diet Affects Renal Sodium Excretion and ERRα Expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(4):480. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040480
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Dan, Yang Wang, Fu-Qiang Liu, Zu-Yi Yuan, and Jian-Jun Mu. 2016. "High Salt Diet Affects Renal Sodium Excretion and ERRα Expression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 4: 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040480