Spatial Temporal Dynamics and Molecular Evolution of Re-Emerging Rabies Virus in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Phylogenetic and Molecular Evolution of the Rabies Virus
2.2. Selection Pressures and Co-Evolution RABV in the Formosan Ferret Badger
2.3. Phylogeographic of RABV in the Formosan Ferret Badger
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Source of Sequences
4.2. Phylogenetic Analysis
4.3. Phylodynamic and Phylogeography Analysis
4.4. Selection Pressure and Co-Evolution Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | tMRCA | Substitution Rates Sub/Site/Year (10−4) | Mean Relative Substitution Rate | Standard Error of Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nucleoprotein | 721.62 (406.06–1096.16) | 2.49 (1.40–3.63) | - | - |
Ferret badger (Taiwan) | 170.37 (83.22–270.70) | - | - | - |
Ferret badger (China) | 428.67 (243.95–644.24) | - | - | - |
1st + 2nd codon position | - | - | 0.22 (0.19–0.26) | 1.26 × 10−4 |
3rd codon position | - | - | 2.55 (2.48–2.62) | 2.52 × 10−4 |
Matrix protein | 523.03 (218.04–931.53) | 4.03 (1.63–6.55) | - | - |
Ferret badger (Taiwan) | 89.55 (32.37–166.28) | - | - | - |
Ferret badger (China) | 391.62 (173.13–692.32) | - | - | - |
1st + 2nd codon position | - | - | 0.30 (0.24–0.36) | 2.05 × 10−4 |
3rd codon position | - | - | 2.395 (2.28–2.51) | 4.09 × 10−4 |
Glycoprotein | 630.69 (206.44–1309.38) | 4.75 (2.05–7.32) | - | - |
Ferret badger (Taiwan) | 75.68 (26.03–136.00) | - | - | - |
Ferret badger (China) | 306.95 (105.09–578.58) | - | - | - |
1st + 2nd codon position codon | - | - | 0.37 (0.33–0.40) | 1.37 × 10−4 |
3rd codon position | - | - | 2.26 (2.19–2.34) | 2.75 × 10−4 |
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Lin, Y.-C.; Chu, P.-Y.; Chang, M.-Y.; Hsiao, K.-L.; Lin, J.-H.; Liu, H.-F. Spatial Temporal Dynamics and Molecular Evolution of Re-Emerging Rabies Virus in Taiwan. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030392
Lin Y-C, Chu P-Y, Chang M-Y, Hsiao K-L, Lin J-H, Liu H-F. Spatial Temporal Dynamics and Molecular Evolution of Re-Emerging Rabies Virus in Taiwan. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(3):392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030392
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Yung-Cheng, Pei-Yu Chu, Mei-Yin Chang, Kuang-Liang Hsiao, Jih-Hui Lin, and Hsin-Fu Liu. 2016. "Spatial Temporal Dynamics and Molecular Evolution of Re-Emerging Rabies Virus in Taiwan" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 3: 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030392