Salivary Microbiome Diversity in Caries-Free and Caries-Affected Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Features of Salivary Microbiomes
2.2. Microbiome Diversity and Richness
2.3. Community Structures
2.4. Core Salivary Microbiome
2.5. Comparison of Bacterial Composition between the Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Groups
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Size Calculation
4.2. Subject Recruitment and Oral Examination
4.3. Saliva Collection
4.4. DNA Extraction
4.5. PCR Amplification of 16S rRNA Genes and Miseq Sequencing
4.6. 16S rRNA Data Analysis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACE | Abundance-based coverage estimator |
AW | Aka Ethanol Wash |
AE | Aka Ethanol |
CA | Caries-affected |
CF | Caries-free |
dmft | Decayed, missing and filled teeth |
HOMIM | Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray |
LED | Light-emitting diode |
OTU | Operational taxonomic units |
PCR-DGGE | Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis |
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Subject Code | dmft | Gender | Age | Reads after Trimming | OTUs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CA 1 | 2 | Male | 3 | 25,576 | 1974 |
CA 2 | 2 | Male | 3 | 16,157 | 2452 |
CA 3 | 2 | Female | 4 | 18,200 | 2306 |
CA 4 | 2 | Female | 3 | 19,108 | 2304 |
CA 5 | 10 | Male | 4 | 18,413 | 1919 |
CA 6 | 16 | Female | 3 | 17,718 | 2123 |
CA 7 | 2 | Male | 3 | 16,232 | 2591 |
CA 8 | 2 | Male | 3 | 18,760 | 2445 |
CA 9 | 6 | Female | 4 | 19,230 | 2201 |
CA 10 | 7 | Male | 3 | 16,157 | 2770 |
CA 11 | 2 | Female | 3 | 17,075 | 2254 |
CA 12 | 2 | Male | 3 | 17,786 | 2403 |
CA 13 | 2 | Male | 4 | 16,123 | 2306 |
CA 14 | 2 | Female | 4 | 15,562 | 2310 |
CA 15 | 2 | Male | 3 | 17,903 | 2535 |
CA 16 | 2 | Female | 3 | 17,142 | 2225 |
CA 17 | 2 | Male | 3 | 19,079 | 2190 |
CA 18 | 2 | Female | 4 | 17,764 | 2398 |
CA 19 | 2 | Female | 3 | 18,463 | 2476 |
CA 20 | 10 | Female | 3 | 16,591 | 2134 |
CF 1 | 0 | Male | 3 | 27,683 | 1979 |
CF 2 | 0 | Male | 3 | 29,705 | 2306 |
CF 3 | 0 | Male | 4 | 18,148 | 1559 |
CF 4 | 0 | Female | 3 | 19,484 | 2025 |
CF 5 | 0 | Female | 3 | 19,253 | 2370 |
CF 6 | 0 | Female | 3 | 17,744 | 2212 |
CF 7 | 0 | Male | 4 | 20,320 | 2639 |
CF 8 | 0 | Male | 3 | 19,140 | 2376 |
CF 9 | 0 | Female | 4 | 17,343 | 2127 |
CF 10 | 0 | Female | 3 | 18,482 | 2133 |
CF 11 | 0 | Male | 3 | 19,452 | 1796 |
CF 12 | 0 | Male | 4 | 18,148 | 2130 |
CF 13 | 0 | Male | 4 | 18,538 | 2259 |
CF 14 | 0 | Male | 4 | 18,751 | 2416 |
CF 15 | 0 | Female | 3 | 18,602 | 2122 |
CF 16 | 0 | Female | 3 | 17,385 | 2406 |
CF 17 | 0 | Female | 3 | 18,353 | 2334 |
CF 18 | 0 | Female | 3 | 18,456 | 2702 |
CF 19 | 0 | Male | 3 | 16,986 | 2610 |
CF 20 | 0 | Female | 4 | 16,582 | 2684 |
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Jiang, S.; Gao, X.; Jin, L.; Lo, E.C.M. Salivary Microbiome Diversity in Caries-Free and Caries-Affected Children. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17121978
Jiang S, Gao X, Jin L, Lo ECM. Salivary Microbiome Diversity in Caries-Free and Caries-Affected Children. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(12):1978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17121978
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Shan, Xiaoli Gao, Lijian Jin, and Edward C. M. Lo. 2016. "Salivary Microbiome Diversity in Caries-Free and Caries-Affected Children" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 12: 1978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17121978