Panax ginseng Fraction F3 Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Protects against Oxidative Stress in ARPE-19 Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cytotoxicity of H2O2 on ARPE-19 Cells
2.2. Effects of P. ginseng Supercritical CO2 Fractions on Cell Viability of H2O2-Induced Cytotoxicity in ARPE-19 Cells
2.3. Effects of P. ginseng F3 Fraction on Cellular Oxidation Induced by H2O2 in ARPE-19 Cells
2.4. Effects of P. ginseng F3 Fraction on Antioxidant Enzymes Activities Induced by H2O2 in ARPE-19 Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Extraction and Fractionation
4.3. Cell Culture and Viability Assay
4.4. Hoechst 33342 Staining
4.5. Measurement of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
4.6. Determination of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
8-OHdG | 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine |
ARPE-19 | adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 |
CAT | catalase |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
H2DCFDA | 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
MDA | malondialdehyde |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SD | standard deviation |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
TBA | thiobarbituric acid |
TBARS | thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
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Yang, C.-C.; Chen, C.-Y.; Wu, C.-C.; Koo, M.; Yu, Z.-R.; Wang, B.-J. Panax ginseng Fraction F3 Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Protects against Oxidative Stress in ARPE-19 Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101717
Yang C-C, Chen C-Y, Wu C-C, Koo M, Yu Z-R, Wang B-J. Panax ginseng Fraction F3 Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Protects against Oxidative Stress in ARPE-19 Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(10):1717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101717
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Chao-Chin, Chiu-Yuan Chen, Chun-Chi Wu, Malcolm Koo, Zer-Ran Yu, and Be-Jen Wang. 2016. "Panax ginseng Fraction F3 Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Protects against Oxidative Stress in ARPE-19 Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 10: 1717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101717