Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(10), 1642; doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101642
Oral Supplementation with a Special Additive of Retinyl Palmitate and Alpha Tocopherol Reduces Growth Retardation in Young Pancreatic Duct Ligated Pigs Used as a Model for Children Suffering from Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Anne Mößeler 1,*
, Marion Schmicke 2, Martin Höltershinken 2, Martin Beyerbach 3 and Josef Kamphues 1
, Marion Schmicke 2, Martin Höltershinken 2, Martin Beyerbach 3 and Josef Kamphues 11
Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany
2
Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany
3
Department for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hanover, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Maria Laura Colombo, Laura Di Renzo and Rafat A. Siddiqui
Received: 20 July 2016 / Revised: 7 September 2016 / Accepted: 18 September 2016 / Published: 28 September 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tocopherols and Tocotrienols: Metabolism and Properties)
Abstract
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a disease of diverse aetiology—e.g., majority of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) show PEI congenitally. Malnutrition and malabsorption of nutrients impair growth and nutritional status. As reduced fat digestion leads to a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins the supplementation is standard, but absorption is a critical point in PEI-patients. The pancreatic duct ligated (PL) pig is an established model for PEI in humans and has been proven to be a suitable model to compare different vitamin additives for supplementation. In a former study, PEI caused distinct growth retardation in young piglets, but did not affect growth in older ones. Our study hypothesised that this age-dependent effect is caused by exhausted body reserves of fat-soluble vitamins and, therefore, extra supply reduces growth retardation. PEI was induced by PL at the age of seven (PL-7) or 16 weeks (PL-16). Controls (C) underwent a sham surgery. Some PL-7 pigs (PL-7 + Vit) were fed a special vitamin additive. PEI reduced the mean final body weight (kg) at 26 weeks of age significantly with lower effect in PL-16-pigs (C:117; PL-7:49.5; PL-7 + Vit:77.1; PL-16:96.4). Extra vitamin supply resulted in an increased growth and normalised serum concentration of alpha-tocopherol, underlining the importance of special supplementation in PEI-patients. View Full-TextKeywords:
alpha-tocopherol; animal model; cystic fibrosis; fat-soluble vitamins; growth; leptin; pancreatic exocrine insufficiency; pigs; retinyl palmitate
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Mößeler, A.; Schmicke, M.; Höltershinken, M.; Beyerbach, M.; Kamphues, J. Oral Supplementation with a Special Additive of Retinyl Palmitate and Alpha Tocopherol Reduces Growth Retardation in Young Pancreatic Duct Ligated Pigs Used as a Model for Children Suffering from Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1642.
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