Inhibition of Autophagy via Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathway Contributes to the Protection of Ginsenoside Rb1 against Neuronal Death Caused by Ischemic Insults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) Inhibits Neuronal Death Induced by Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (OGD)
2.2. GRb1 Inhibits OGD-Induced Autophagy in SH-SY5Y Cells
2.3. GRb1 Inhibits OGD-Induced Autophagic Death via Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathway
2.4. GRb1 Inhibits Lethal Autophagy Caused by Transient Cerebral Ischemia
2.5. GRb1 Attenuated Transient Ischemia-Induced Autophagic Neuronal Death via Activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway
2.6. Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Reagents
3.2. Cell Culture and Treatment
3.3. Cell Viability Assay
3.4. Acridine Orange (AO) and Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) Staining
3.5. Animals and Ischemia Model
3.6. Brain Tissue Fixation
3.7. Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining
3.8. Immunohistochemical Analysis
3.9. Transmission Electron Microscopy
3.10. Protein Isolation
3.11. Western Blotting
3.12. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Luo, T.; Liu, G.; Ma, H.; Lu, B.; Xu, H.; Wang, Y.; Wu, J.; Ge, P.; Liang, J. Inhibition of Autophagy via Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathway Contributes to the Protection of Ginsenoside Rb1 against Neuronal Death Caused by Ischemic Insults. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 15426-15442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915426
Luo T, Liu G, Ma H, Lu B, Xu H, Wang Y, Wu J, Ge P, Liang J. Inhibition of Autophagy via Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathway Contributes to the Protection of Ginsenoside Rb1 against Neuronal Death Caused by Ischemic Insults. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(9):15426-15442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915426
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuo, Tianfei, Guiying Liu, Hongxi Ma, Bin Lu, Haiyang Xu, Yujing Wang, Jiang Wu, Pengfei Ge, and Jianmin Liang. 2014. "Inhibition of Autophagy via Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathway Contributes to the Protection of Ginsenoside Rb1 against Neuronal Death Caused by Ischemic Insults" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 9: 15426-15442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915426