Estrogen Rapidly Enhances Incisional Pain of Ovariectomized Rats Primarily through the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Hind-Paw Withdrawal Threshold (PWT)
Administration | Group | Before Surgery | Before Drugs | After Drugs |
---|---|---|---|---|
IV | Solvent | 24.8 ± 0.78 g | 5.23 ± 0.72 g | 5.00 ± 0.71 g |
E2 | 25.9 ± 0.88 g | 5.03 ± 0.74 g | 2.65 ± 0.66 g | |
G1 | 25.4 ± 0.78 g | 4.87 ± 0.40 g | 2.50 ± 0.58 g | |
E2 + G15 | 24.8 ± 0.78 g | 4.67 ± 0.40 g | 4.60 ± 0.51 g | |
IT | Solvent | 25.4 ± 0.78 g | 5.10 ± 0.63 g | 5.05 ± 0.61 g |
E2 | 24.8 ± 0.88 g | 5.10 ± 0.56 g | 1.98 ± 0.36 g | |
G1 | 25.9 ± 0.78 g | 4.80 ± 0.86 g | 2.56 ± 0.33 g | |
E2 + G15 | 24.8 ± 0.78 g | 4.90 ± 0.41 g | 4.48 ± 0.55 g | |
Total | 25.2 ± 0.49 g | 4.90 ± 0.20 g |
2.2. Intravenously (IV) Group
2.2.1. The Effect of 17-β-Estradiol (E2) Administration on PWT
2.2.2. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER)-Selective Agonist (G1) Administration Ecreases PWT
2.2.3. The Effect of 17-β-Estradiol (E2) + GPER-Selective Antagonist (G15) Administration on PWT
2.3. Intrathecal (IT) Group
2.3.1. The Effect of E2 Administration on PWT
2.3.2. G1 Administration Decreases PWT
2.3.3. The Effect of E2 + G15 Administration on PWT
2.4. Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Animals
3.2. Drugs
3.3. Equipment
3.4. Ovariectomized (OVX) Surgery
3.5. The Incisional Pain Model
3.6. Subarachnoid Catheter
3.7. Evaluation of the Incisional Pain Threshold
3.8. Administration of Drugs
3.9. Doses of the Drugs
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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An, G.; Li, W.; Yan, T.; Li, S. Estrogen Rapidly Enhances Incisional Pain of Ovariectomized Rats Primarily through the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 10479-10491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150610479
An G, Li W, Yan T, Li S. Estrogen Rapidly Enhances Incisional Pain of Ovariectomized Rats Primarily through the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(6):10479-10491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150610479
Chicago/Turabian StyleAn, Guanghui, Wenhui Li, Tao Yan, and Shitong Li. 2014. "Estrogen Rapidly Enhances Incisional Pain of Ovariectomized Rats Primarily through the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 6: 10479-10491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150610479