Antimicrobial Activity of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Plants against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Bacteria Isolates | AITC (440 µg·disc−1) | BITC (440 µg·disc−1) | PEITC (440 µg·disc−1) | Vancomycin (30 µg·disc−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
S. aureus CECT 976 (reference strain) | - | 10.3 ± 0.6a | 11.3 ± 0.6a | 15.7 ± 0.6b |
S. aureus MJMC004 | 11.3 ± 0.6a | 26.3 ± 0.6d | 24.3 ± 0.6c | 15.7 ± 0.0b |
S. aureus MJMC007 | 11.3 ± 0.9a | 26.3 ± 0.6d | 17.3 ± 0.9c | 14.7 ± 0.0b |
S. aureus MJMC008 | 13.3 ± 0.6a | 20.3 ± 0.6c | 24.3 ± 0.6d | 15.7 ± 0.0b |
S. aureus MJMC0171 | 9.3 ± 0.6a | 12.7 ± 0.6c | 11.3 ± 0.6b | 14.7 ± 0.0d |
S. aureus MJMC018 | - | 17.3 ± 0.6b | 22.3 ± 0.6c | 16.7 ± 0.0a |
S. aureus MJMC020 | 12.3 ± 0.6a | 45.3 ± 1.6c | 45.3± 1.2c | 15.7 ± 0.0b |
S. aureus MJMC021 | 11.3 ± 0.6a | 26.3 ± 0.6c | 36.3 ± 1.2d | 15.7 ± 0.0b |
S. aureus MJMC022 | - | 10.3 ± 0.1a | 16.3 ± 0.6b | 15.7 ± 0.0b |
S. aureus MJMC025 | - | 9.0 ± 0.1a | 13.3 ± 0.6b | 13.7 ± 0.0b |
S. aureus MJMC040 | 10.3 ± 0.1a | 14.3 ± 0.6b | 20.3 ± 0.6c | 15.7 ± 0.0b |
S. aureus MJMC042 | 12.3 ± 0.1a | 30.3 ± 1.0c | 30.3 ± 1.2c | 16.7 ± 0.0b |
S. aureus MJMC046 | - | 10.3 ± 0.6a | 14.7 ± 0.6b | 16.7 ± 0.0c |
S. aureus MJMC047 | 9.0 ± 0.6a | 11.3 ± 0.6b | 16.3 ± 0.6c | 15.7 ± 0.0c |
S. aureus MJMC048 | 10.3 ± 0.1a | 12.3 ± 0.6b | 26.3 ± 0.6d | 15.7 ± 0.0c |
S. aureus MJMC054 | 9.0 ± 0.1a | 13.3 ± 0.6b | 30.3 ± 1.2c | 15.7 ± 0.0b |
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemical Structure of Isothiocyanates.
2.2. Antimicrobial Activity of ITCs against MRSA
Bacteria Isolates | AITC | BITC | PEITC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC | Main Effect | MIC | Main Effect | MIC | Main Effect | |
S. aureus CECT 976 (reference strain) | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic | 55.7 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC004 | 110.0 ± 0.0c | bacteriostatic | 2.9 ± 0.0a | bacteriostatic | 55.7 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC007 | 36.7 ± 0.01b | bacteriostatic | 4.4 ± 0.0a | bacteriostatic | 7.3 ± 0.0a | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC008 | 220.0 ± 0.0c | bactericidal | 23.5 ± 0.01a | bacteriostatic | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC0171 | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bactericidal | 55.7 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bactericidal |
S. aureus MJMC018 | 220.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic | 110.0 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 183.3 ± 0.4b | bactericidal |
S. aureus MJMC020 | 110.0 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 110.0 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 110.0 ± 0.0a | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC021 | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bactericidal | 55.7 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC022 | 220.0 ± 0.0c | bacteriostatic | 110.0 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 146.7 ± 0.04b | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC025 | 110.0 ± 0.0a | bacteriostatic | 110.0 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 110.0 ± 0.0a | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC040 | 27.9 ± 0.0a | bacteriostatic | <7.3 ± 0.0 | bactericidal | 55.7 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC042 | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic | 13.2 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 146.7 ± 36.7b | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC046 | 55.7 ± 0.0c | bacteriostatic | 7.3 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | 27.9 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC047 | 220.0 ± 0.0b | bactericidal | 7.3 ± 0.0a | bactericidal | <7.3 ± 0.0 | bactericidal |
S. aureus MJMC048 | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic | 55.7 ± 0.0a | bacteriostatic | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic |
S. aureus MJMC054 | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic | 110.0 ± 0.0b | bacteriostatic |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Isolates
3.2. Isothiocyanates (ITCs)
3.3. Antimicrobial Activity by Disc Diffusion Method
3.4. Antimicrobial Activity Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
3.5. Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dias, C.; Aires, A.; Saavedra, M.J. Antimicrobial Activity of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Plants against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 19552-19561. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151119552
Dias C, Aires A, Saavedra MJ. Antimicrobial Activity of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Plants against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(11):19552-19561. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151119552
Chicago/Turabian StyleDias, Carla, Alfredo Aires, and Maria José Saavedra. 2014. "Antimicrobial Activity of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Plants against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 11: 19552-19561. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151119552