Functional Diversity of Genes for the Biosynthesis of Paeoniflorin and Its Derivatives in Paeonia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification of 24 Paeoniflorin and Gallic Acid Biosynthesis-Related Genes in P. lactiflora and Other Related Plants
2.2. Phylogenetic Analysis of Paeoniflorin and Gallic Acid Biosynthesis-Related Orthologs
2.3. Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Active Compounds in P. lactiflora
2.4. Expression of Gallic Acid Biosynthesis-Related Genes in Different Tissues of P. lactiflora
2.5. Expression of Paeoniflorin Biosynthesis-Related Genes in Different Tissues of P. lactiflora
2.6. Correlation of Gene Expression and Active Compound Contents
3. Disscussion
3.1. Preferential Expression of Gene Families in Bark
3.2. Variations of Key Genes in Shikimate Biosynthesis and the MVA Pathway Lead to Active Compound Accumulation
3.3. Gene and Functional Diversity of Paeoniflorin and Gallic Acid Biosyntheses Pathway
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Plant Materials
4.2. Gene Prediction and KEGG Annotation
4.3. Sequence and Phylogenic Analyses
4.4. RNA Extraction and PCR Analysis
4.5. Chemical Analysis
4.6. Correlation Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Information
ijms-14-18502-s001.pdfAcknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Enzyme | Name | Contig No. | Length (bp) |
---|---|---|---|
2.5.1.54 | PLDHS1 | HTIP-2010562 | 2105* |
PLDHS2 | HTIP-2057123 | 2054 | |
4.2.3.4 | PLDHQS | HTIP-2010607 | 1790 |
4.2.1.10/ | PLaroDE1 | HTIP-2007063 | 1963 |
1.1.1.25 | PLaroDE2 | HTIP-2057051 | 1971 |
2.3.3.10 | PLHMGS1 | HTIP-2056545 | 1615* |
PLHMGS2 | HTIP-2056640 | 1661* | |
1.1.1.34 | PLHMGCR | HTIP-2056491 | 1591 |
2.7.1.36 | PLMVK | HTIP-2009308 | 1464 |
2.7.4.2 | PLPMK | HTIP-2056266 | 1494 |
4.1.1.33 | PLMVD1 | HTIP-2044815 | 316 |
PLMVD2 | HTIP-2049597 | 479 | |
2.3.1.9 | PLACAT | HTIP-2011414 | 1399* |
PLDXPS1 | HTIP-2003301 | 2518 | |
2.2.1.7 | PLDXPS2 | HTIP-2003675 | 2488* |
PLDXPS3 | HTIP-2057315 | 2338* | |
1.1.1.267 | PLDXR1 | HTIP-2000861 | 423 |
PLDXR2 | HTIP-2006951 | 1040 | |
2.7.7.60 | PLIspD | HTIP-2008416 | 1345 |
2.7.1.148 | PLCMK | HTIP-2008205 | 1609* |
4.6.1.12 | PLIspF | HTIP-2054028 | 896* |
1.17.7.1 | PLHDS | HTIP-2007108 | 2665 |
1.17.7.2 | PLHDR | HTIP-2056592 | 1637 |
5.3.3.2 | PLIDI | HTIP-2055407 | 1185 |
Name | Length (aa) | Molecular weight (KD) | Isoelectric point | Subcellular Localization | Signal peptide | Domains (# of domains) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DHS1 | 528 | 58.7 | 8.06 | Mit. | No | DAHP synthetase, class II(IPR002480) |
HMGCS1 | 453 | 50.6 | 6.10 | Cytosol | No | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase, active site(IPR000590) |
HMGCS2 | 465 | 51.3 | 5.98 | Cytosol | No | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase, active site(IPR000590) |
ACAT | 405 | 41.4 | 6.15 | Cytosol | No | Thiolase (IPR002155) |
DXPS2 | 714 | 77.0 | 6.60 | Chl. | No | Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (IPR005477) |
DXPS3 | 719 | 78.9 | 6.17 | Cytosol | No | Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (IPR005477) |
CMK | 403 | 44.5 | 6.13 | Chl. | No | 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-d-erthritol kinase(IPR004424) |
IspF | 231 | 25.0 | 7.89 | Chl. | No | 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodophosphate synthase (IPR003526) |
Enzyme | Gene | Peony lactone glycosides | Paeoniflorin | Benzoic acid | Benzoyl paeoniflorin | Paeonol |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shikimate biosynthesis | ||||||
2.5.1.54 | 2010562 | −0.40 | −0.71 | −0.36 | −0.38 | −0.60 |
2057123 | −0.11 | 0.70 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.48 | |
4.2.3.4 | 2010607 | 0.04 | −0.51 | −0.64 | −0.57 | −0.40 |
4.2.1.10/ | 2057051 | −0.05 | 0.72 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.68 |
1.1.1.25 | 2007063 | 0.14 | 0.71 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.80 |
MVA pathway | ||||||
2.3.3.10 | 2056545 | −0.63 | 0.38 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.07 |
2056640 | −0.02 | 0.89 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.30 | |
1.1.1.34 | 2056491 | 0.15 | −0.08 | −0.12 | −0.08 | 0.15 |
2.7.1.36 | 2009308 | 0.55 | −0.20 | −0.10 | −0.19 | 0.38 |
2.7.4.2 | 2056266 | −0.62 | 0.36 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.10 |
2.3.1.9 | 2011414 | 0.17 | −0.24 | −0.64 | −0.55 | −0.28 |
4.1.1.33 | 2044815 | −0.50 | 0.01 | 0.70 | 0.62 | 0.06 |
MEP/DXP pathway | ||||||
2.2.1.7 | 2003675 | 0.12 | −0.22 | −0.55 | −0.47 | −0.23 |
2003301 | −0.19 | −0.14 | 0.07 | 0.12 | −0.06 | |
2057315 | 0.19 | −0.72 | −0.75 | −0.76 | −0.44 | |
1.1.1.267 | 2000861 | −0.22 | −0.64 | −0.38 | −0.37 | −0.49 |
2006951 | −0.21 | −0.57 | −0.51 | −0.47 | −0.54 | |
2.7.7.60 | 2008416 | 0.71 | −0.37 | −0.43 | −0.48 | 0.27 |
2.7.1.148 | 2008205 | −0.07 | −0.49 | −0.38 | −0.33 | −0.29 |
4.6.1.12 | 2054028 | −0.05 | −0.48 | −0.42 | −0.37 | −0.31 |
1.17.7.1 | 2007108 | −0.03 | −0.55 | −0.43 | −0.39 | −0.32 |
1.17.7.2 | 2056592 | −0.15 | −0.48 | −0.45 | −0.39 | −0.42 |
5.3.3.2 | 2055407 | −0.57 | −0.30 | 0.09 | 0.11 | −0.45 |
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Yuan, Y.; Yu, J.; Jiang, C.; Li, M.; Lin, S.; Wang, X.; Huang, L. Functional Diversity of Genes for the Biosynthesis of Paeoniflorin and Its Derivatives in Paeonia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 18502-18519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140918502
Yuan Y, Yu J, Jiang C, Li M, Lin S, Wang X, Huang L. Functional Diversity of Genes for the Biosynthesis of Paeoniflorin and Its Derivatives in Paeonia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(9):18502-18519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140918502
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Yuan, Jun Yu, Chao Jiang, Minhui Li, Shufang Lin, Xumin Wang, and Luqi Huang. 2013. "Functional Diversity of Genes for the Biosynthesis of Paeoniflorin and Its Derivatives in Paeonia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 9: 18502-18519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140918502