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• Prudovsky, I
• Kumar, TKrishnaswamy Suresh
• Sterling, S
• Neivandt, D
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• Prudovsky, I
• Kumar, TKrishnaswamy Suresh
• Sterling, S
• Neivandt, D
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• Prudovsky, I
• Kumar, TKrishnaswamy Suresh
• Sterling, S
• Neivandt, D

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14(2), 3734-3772; doi:10.3390/ijms14023734

Review

Protein-Phospholipid Interactions in Nonclassical Protein Secretion: Problem and Methods of Study

Igor Prudovsky ^1,* , Thallapuranam Krishnaswamy Suresh Kumar ² , Sarah Sterling ³  and David Neivandt ³

¹ Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA ² Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA ³ Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 30 November 2012; in revised form: 24 January 2013 / Accepted: 25 January 2013 / Published: 8 February 2013

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phospholipids: Molecular Sciences 2012)

Download PDF Full-Text [1216 KB, uploaded 8 February 2013 11:31 CET]

Abstract: Extracellular proteins devoid of signal peptides use nonclassical secretion mechanisms for their export. These mechanisms are independent of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Some nonclassically released proteins, particularly fibroblast growth factors (FGF) 1 and 2, are exported as a result of their direct translocation through the cell membrane. This process requires specific interactions of released proteins with membrane phospholipids. In this review written by a cell biologist, a structural biologist and two membrane engineers, we discuss the following subjects: (i) Phenomenon of nonclassical protein release and its biological significance; (ii) Composition of the FGF1 multiprotein release complex (MRC); (iii) The relationship between FGF1 export and acidic phospholipid externalization; (iv) Interactions of FGF1 MRC components with acidic phospholipids; (v) Methods to study the transmembrane translocation of proteins; (vi) Membrane models to study nonclassical protein release.

Keywords: FGF; phospholipid; nonclassical secretion; S100A13; sphingosine kinase 1; annexin 2; phospholipid; SFS; FCS; liposome; supported bilayer; copper; synaptotagmin 1

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