Detection of Glutamic Acid in Oilseed Rape Leaves Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and the Least Squares-Support Vector Machine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Spectral Features of Oilseed Rape
2.2. The Performance of PLS Models
2.3. EWs Selected by SPA
2.4 PLS and LS-SVM Models Based on SPA
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Sample Preparation
3.2. Spectral Collection and Reference Method
3.3. Spectral Preprocessing and SPA
3.4. PLS and LS-SVM Methods
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Set | No. | Range (mg/100 g DW) | Mean (mg/100 g DW) | S.D. (mg/100 g DW) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Calibration | 124 | 1.176–4.101 | 2.410 | 0.5252 |
Validation | 62 | 1.189–3.654 | 2.411 | 0.5219 |
Prediction | 62 | 1.183–3.877 | 2.411 | 0.5313 |
Model | Treatment | LV/EW/(γ, σ2) | Calibration | Validation | Prediction | RPD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rc | RMSEC | Rv | RMSEV | Rp | RMSEP | ||||
PLS | Raw | 8/700/- | 0.9474 | 0.1674 | 0.9603 | 0.1462 | 0.9591 | 0.1530 | 3.6 |
SG | 8/700/- | 0.9471 | 0.1678 | 0.9602 | 0.1463 | 0.9591 | 0.1528 | 3.6 | |
SNV | 7/700/- | 0.9414 | 0.1765 | 0.9542 | 0.1552 | 0.9519 | 0.1628 | 3.4 | |
MSC | 7/700/- | 0.9413 | 0.1765 | 0.9546 | 0.1546 | 0.9524 | 0.1621 | 3.4 | |
1-Der | 6/700/- | 0.9629 | 0.1412 | 0.9694 | 0.1282 | 0.9678 | 0.1335 | 4.1 | |
2-Der | 4/700/- | 0.9603 | 0.1459 | 0.9585 | 0.1483 | 0.9576 | 0.1527 | 3.5 | |
Detrending | 7/700/- | 0.9507 | 0.1623 | 0.9598 | 0.1463 | 0.9550 | 0.1571 | 3.6 | |
DOSC | 4/700/- | 0.9361 | 0.1840 | 0.9460 | 0.1692 | 0.9436 | 0.1752 | 3.1 | |
SPA-PLS | Raw | 8/19/- | 0.9490 | 0.1649 | 0.9607 | 0.1458 | 0.9557 | 0.1591 | 3.6 |
1-Der | 3/10/- | 0.9487 | 0.1654 | 0.9575 | 0.1501 | 0.9528 | 0.1608 | 3.5 | |
SPA-LS-SVM | Raw | -/19/ (1.5 × 104, 59.9) | 0.9911 | 0.0700 | 0.9966 | 0.0431 | 0.9943 | 0.0569 | 12.2 |
1-Der | -/10/ (38.6, 29.5) | 0.9869 | 0.0846 | 0.9952 | 0.0514 | 0.9787 | 0.1100 | 10.2 |
Preprocessing | No. | Selected EWs (nm) |
---|---|---|
Raw | 19 | 2252, 2228, 1404, 2268, 2178, 1434, 2426, 1844, 1692, 1190, 1344, 1636, 1730, 1892, 1234, 1546, 2409, 2046, 1776 |
1-Der | 10 | 1678, 2266, 2486, 2234, 2296, 1272, 1534, 2444, 2208, 1718 |
© 2012 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Bao, Y.; Kong, W.; Liu, F.; Qiu, Z.; He, Y. Detection of Glutamic Acid in Oilseed Rape Leaves Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and the Least Squares-Support Vector Machine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 14106-14114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131114106
Bao Y, Kong W, Liu F, Qiu Z, He Y. Detection of Glutamic Acid in Oilseed Rape Leaves Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and the Least Squares-Support Vector Machine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(11):14106-14114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131114106
Chicago/Turabian StyleBao, Yidan, Wenwen Kong, Fei Liu, Zhengjun Qiu, and Yong He. 2012. "Detection of Glutamic Acid in Oilseed Rape Leaves Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and the Least Squares-Support Vector Machine" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 11: 14106-14114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131114106