Occurrence and Biodegradation of Nonylphenol in the Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Occurrence of Nonylphenol in the Environment
2.1. Water and Sediment
2.1.1. Surface Water and Sediment
2.1.2. Groundwater
2.1.3. Drinking Water
2.1.4. Wastewater Treatment Plants
2.2. Air
2.3. Soil
3. Biodegradation of Nonylphenol in the Environment
4. Conclusions
References
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NP levels | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Surface water (μg/L) | Sediment (μg/kg) | Location | Detected time | Reference |
0.034–0.599 | 38.4–863.0 | Lanzhou Reach of Yellow River, China | July and November 2004 | [1] |
NA-0.53 | LOD-79 | Llobregat basin, Spain | 2005–2006 | [8] |
0.112 | 266 | Thermaiko Gulf, Greece | [22] | |
0.227 | - | Loudias River, Greece | [22] | |
<LOD-310 | - | Kaoping River and its tributaries, Taiwan | July 2004–December 2005 | [13] |
0.075–1.520 | - | Jialu River, China September | 2007 | [14] |
0.266 ± 0.028 | - | Yeongsan and Seomjin rivers, Southern Korea | 2008 | [11] |
0.043 ± 0.005 | - | Ton River in Souan Mone, Pear Lart and Park Ton, Laos | 2008 | [11] |
< LOD | - | Siem Reap River, Chong Srok area, Cambodia | 2008 | [11] |
2.097 ± 0.212 | - | Long Xuyen city and nearby area, Vietnam | 2008 | [11] |
0.372 ± 0.040 | - | Fenhe River, China | 2008 | [11] |
0.039 ± 0.005 | - | Cikamasan, Cisarua, Indonesia | 2008 | [11] |
0.918 ± 0.103 | - | Khong River, Thailand | 2008 | [11] |
0.814 ± 0.089 | - | Tuaran, Salut River area, Malaysia | 2008 | [11] |
<0.029–0.195 | - | Glatt River, Switzerland | September 2006 | [23] |
1.94–32.85 | 3,540–32,430 | Wuhan urban lakes, China | October 2005 | [17] |
<0.1–1.4 | 44–567 | Rieti district, Italy | 2002, 2003 | [12] |
0–0.24 | - | Danube River | August–September 2007 | [24] |
0–1.40 | - | Tributaries of Danube River | August–September 2007 | [24] |
- | <20–2,830 | Danube River | 2007 | [20] |
<0.029–0.233 | - | Ria de Aveiro, Portugal | August 2006 | [25] |
LOD-0.015 | LOD-1,750 | Great Lakes coastal wetland, Cootes Paradise, Canada | 2001, 2002 | [26] |
75.2–179.6 | 5,460–119,100 | Lake Donghu, China | April 2003 | [15] |
0.036–33.231 | - | Pearl River Delta, China | 2005, 2006 | [10] |
0.152–13.757 | - | Thessaloniki, Greece | 2005–2006 | [27] |
0.015–0.386 | - | Seine River Estuary, France | 2002–2004 | [9] |
<LOD-0.770 | - | Hessisches Ried region, Germany | 2003–2006 | [28] |
<LOD-0.511 | - | Donggang River, Taiwan | 2002 | [16] |
0.1–0.5 | 75–340 | Cuyahoga River, Ohio, USA | [29] | |
<0.210 | <350 | Minnesota lakes, USA | 2008 | [30] |
0.068–0.326 | - | Glatt River, Switzerland | 2004 | [31] |
- | 107–16,198 | Pearl River system, China | 2006–2007 | [18] |
- | 13–225 | Bay of Cadiz, Spain | 2002 | [32] |
- | 31–21,885 | Pearl River Delta, China | 2006–2007 | [19] |
3.1 | Dianchi Lake, China | [33] | ||
<LOD-1,364 | Upper Danube River | 2006 | [34] | |
47–192 | Venice lagoon, Italy | 2001–2002 | [35] |
NP levels (ng/m3) | Location | Detected time | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gas | Aerosol | |||
19.2 (1.5–69) | 6.1 (0.1–14) | Hudson River Estuary, USA | ||
10.2 (0.9–56) | 9.8 (0.3–51) | Sandy Hook, USA | June–October, 1998 | [64] |
2.5 (0.2–8.1) | 5.6 (1.8–23) | Liberty Science Center, USA | ||
6.9 (nd-56) | 5.4 (0.067–51) | Sandy Hook, USA | ||
2.6 (nd-17) | 3.8 (0.23–23) | Liberty Science Center, USA | June–December 1998 | [66] |
13 (0.13–81) | 0.55 (0.020–6.4) | New Brunswick, USA | ||
1.60–16.5 | - | Urban site of Thessaloniki, Greece | January–February 2007 | [63] |
0.15–1.0 | 0.0017–0.117 | NE-Bavaria, Germany | May–November 2001 | [65] |
0.22 (0.055–0.42) | 0.040 (0.010–0.12) | GKSS Research Centre, Germany | - | |
0.056 (0.029–0.11) | 0.010 (0.005–0.017) | North Sea | - | [67] |
About 0.01–0.1 | - | North Sea | February–March 2004 | [68] |
© 2012 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Mao, Z.; Zheng, X.-F.; Zhang, Y.-Q.; Tao, X.-X.; Li, Y.; Wang, W. Occurrence and Biodegradation of Nonylphenol in the Environment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 491-505. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13010491
Mao Z, Zheng X-F, Zhang Y-Q, Tao X-X, Li Y, Wang W. Occurrence and Biodegradation of Nonylphenol in the Environment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(1):491-505. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13010491
Chicago/Turabian StyleMao, Zhen, Xiao-Fei Zheng, Yan-Qiu Zhang, Xiu-Xiang Tao, Yan Li, and Wei Wang. 2012. "Occurrence and Biodegradation of Nonylphenol in the Environment" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 1: 491-505. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13010491