Targeting Protective Autophagy Exacerbates UV-Triggered Apoptotic Cell Death
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Autophagy Was Induced after UV Irradiation
2.2. Autophagy Inhibition Enhances UV-Induced Cell Death
2.3. ATR Activation Parallels the Induction of Autophagy at Early Stages Following UV Treatment
2.4. Autophagy Induction at Late Stages Is Independent of ATR
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Cell Culture and UV Irradiation
4.3. Detection of Acidic Vesicular Organelles (AVOs) with Acridine Orange
4.4. Immunoblotting
4.5. Apoptosis Assay
4.6. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Analysis
4.8. LC3-GFP Puncta
4.9. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
ijms-13-01209-s001.pdfAcknowledgments
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Chen, L.-H.; Chu, P.-M.; Lee, Y.-J.; Tu, P.-H.; Chi, C.-W.; Lee, H.-C.; Chiou, S.-H. Targeting Protective Autophagy Exacerbates UV-Triggered Apoptotic Cell Death. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 1209-1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13011209
Chen L-H, Chu P-M, Lee Y-J, Tu P-H, Chi C-W, Lee H-C, Chiou S-H. Targeting Protective Autophagy Exacerbates UV-Triggered Apoptotic Cell Death. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(1):1209-1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13011209
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Li-Hsin, Pei-Ming Chu, Yi-Jang Lee, Pang-Hsien Tu, Chin-Wen Chi, Hsin-Chen Lee, and Shih-Hwa Chiou. 2012. "Targeting Protective Autophagy Exacerbates UV-Triggered Apoptotic Cell Death" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 1: 1209-1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13011209