Advances in the Synthesis of Ring-Fused Benzimidazoles and Imidazobenzimidazoles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Significance and Biological Activity
1.2. Available Synthetic Methods
2. Syntheses of Ring-Fused Benzimidazoles and Imidazobenzimidazoles
2.1. Oxidations of o-Cycloaminoanilines and Anilide Derivatives (Route A)
2.1.1. Forming Ring-Fused Benzimidazoles
2.1.2. Forming Ring-Fused Imidazobenzimidazoles
2.2. Reductions of Nitrobenzene-o-Cycloamines (Route B)
2.3. Using Aromatic Amidines, Lactams, and Isothiocyanates (Route C)
2.4. Condensations (Route D)
2.5. Annulations onto Benzimidazoles (Route E)
2.5.1. Base-Mediated Methods
2.5.2. Transition Metal and Lewis Acid Catalyzed Methods
2.5.3. Radical Cyclization Methods
2.5.4. Other Metal-Free Methods
2.5.5. Miscellaneous: Syntheses of Mitomycin Analogues
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sweeney, M.; Conboy, D.; Mirallai, S.I.; Aldabbagh, F. Advances in the Synthesis of Ring-Fused Benzimidazoles and Imidazobenzimidazoles. Molecules 2021, 26, 2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092684
Sweeney M, Conboy D, Mirallai SI, Aldabbagh F. Advances in the Synthesis of Ring-Fused Benzimidazoles and Imidazobenzimidazoles. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092684
Chicago/Turabian StyleSweeney, Martin, Darren Conboy, Styliana I. Mirallai, and Fawaz Aldabbagh. 2021. "Advances in the Synthesis of Ring-Fused Benzimidazoles and Imidazobenzimidazoles" Molecules 26, no. 9: 2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092684