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Article

Phenolic Acid Profiling, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and miRNA Regulation in the Polyphenols of 16 Blueberry Samples from China

by
Xianming Su
1,†,
Jian Zhang
2,†,
Hongqing Wang
1,
Jing Xu
1,
Jiuming He
1,
Liying Liu
1,
Ting Zhang
3,
Ruoyun Chen
1 and
Jie Kang
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
2
Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
3
Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 3 Yabao Street, Beijing 100020, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2017, 22(2), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020312
Submission received: 8 January 2017 / Revised: 15 February 2017 / Accepted: 15 February 2017 / Published: 18 February 2017
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
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Abstract

To investigate the anti-atherosclerosis related mechanism of blueberries, the phenolic acids (PAs) content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the microRNA (miRNA) regulation of polyphenol fractions in blueberry samples from China were studied. Sixteen batches of blueberries including 14 commercialized cultivars (Reka, Patriot, Brigitta, Bluecrop, Berkeley, Duke, Darrow, Northland, Northblue, Northcountry, Bluesource, Southgood, O’Neal, and Misty) were used in this study. Seven PAs in the polyphenol fractions from 16 blueberry samples in China were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS2). The antioxidant activities of blueberry polyphenols were tested by (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) assay. The anti-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) activities of the polyphenol fractions of the blueberries were investigated by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The correlation analysis showed that the antioxidant (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) and anti-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) activities of the polyphenol fractions of the blueberries were in accordance with their PA contents. Although the polyphenol-enriched fractions of blueberries could inhibit the microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-125b) to different extents, no significant contribution from the PAs was observed. The inhibition of these miRNAs could mostly be attributed to the other compounds present in the polyphenol-enriched fraction of the blueberries. This is the first study to evaluate the PAs content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and miRNA regulation of Chinese blueberries.
Keywords: Chinese blueberry; highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum); half-highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum/Vaccinium anugustifolium); antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity; miRNA Chinese blueberry; highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum); half-highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum/Vaccinium anugustifolium); antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity; miRNA

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Su, X.; Zhang, J.; Wang, H.; Xu, J.; He, J.; Liu, L.; Zhang, T.; Chen, R.; Kang, J. Phenolic Acid Profiling, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and miRNA Regulation in the Polyphenols of 16 Blueberry Samples from China. Molecules 2017, 22, 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020312

AMA Style

Su X, Zhang J, Wang H, Xu J, He J, Liu L, Zhang T, Chen R, Kang J. Phenolic Acid Profiling, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and miRNA Regulation in the Polyphenols of 16 Blueberry Samples from China. Molecules. 2017; 22(2):312. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020312

Chicago/Turabian Style

Su, Xianming, Jian Zhang, Hongqing Wang, Jing Xu, Jiuming He, Liying Liu, Ting Zhang, Ruoyun Chen, and Jie Kang. 2017. "Phenolic Acid Profiling, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and miRNA Regulation in the Polyphenols of 16 Blueberry Samples from China" Molecules 22, no. 2: 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020312

APA Style

Su, X., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Xu, J., He, J., Liu, L., Zhang, T., Chen, R., & Kang, J. (2017). Phenolic Acid Profiling, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and miRNA Regulation in the Polyphenols of 16 Blueberry Samples from China. Molecules, 22(2), 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020312

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