The Biosynthetic Pathways of Tanshinones and Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Comparative Transcriptome Provides Informative Data in Biosynthetic Pathway Analysis
3. Biosynthesis of Tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza
Gene (Genbank No.) | Highest Expression Sites | Elicitor | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SmAACT1 (EF635969) | root | YE, Ag+ | [30] | |
SmAACT2 (AEZ55671) | stem | [31] | ||
SmHMGS (FJ785326) | leaf | SA, MJ, YE | [32] | |
SmHMGR1 (EU680958 GU367911) | flower and root | SA, JA, MJ, PEG, ABA | [31,33,34] | |
SmHMGR2 (FJ747636) | leaf, stem, root | MJ, Ag+ | [22,31,35,36] | |
SmHMGR3 (JN831102) | leaf | MJ | [31,37] | |
SmHMGR4 (JN831103) | flower | [31] | ||
SmMK (JN831104) | stem | MJ | [31] | |
SmPMK (JN831095) | stem and root | MJ | [31] | |
SmMDC (JN831105) | stem and root | MJ | [31] | |
SmDXS1 (EU670744) | leaf | Ag+ | [31,35] | |
SmDXS2 (FJ643618) | root and leaf | MJ, PEG, ABA, MJ Act12, Ag+ | [17,31,34,35,38] | |
SmDXS3 (JN831116) | leaf, stem, root cortex, and root stele | MJ | [31] | |
SmDXS4 (JN831117) | ubiquitous | [31] | ||
SmDXS5 (JN831118) | leaf and stem | [31] | ||
SmDXR (FJ768959, FJ476255, DQ991431) | leaf | SA,YE, Hypertonic stress, Act12 PEG, ABA and MJ, Ag+ | [34,35,38,39,40] | |
SmCMT (JN831096) | leaf | [31] | ||
SmCMK (EF534309) | leaf | MJ | [31,41] | |
SmMCS (JX233816) | leaf and stem | Ag+ | [31,42] | |
SmHDS1 (JN831098) | leaf | [31,43] | ||
SmHDS2 (KJ746807) | [44] | |||
SmHDR1 (JX233817 JN831099) | leaf | MJ, Ag+ | [31] | |
SmHDR2 (JN831100) | leaf | [31] | ||
SmHDR (JX516088) | leaf | MJ, SA | [45] | |
SmIPI1 (JN831106) | root | MJ, fungal elicitor | [22,46] | |
SmIPI2 (JN831106) | stem | MJ | [31] | |
SmGPPS (JN831107) | [31] | |||
SmGPPS.LSU (JN831111) | stem and flower | MJ | [31] | |
SmGPPS.SSUI (JN831108) | leaf | MJ | [31] | |
SmGPPS.SSUII.1 (JN831109) | leaf and root cortex | [31] | ||
SmGPPS.SSUII.2 (JN831110) | stem | [31] | ||
SmFPPS (EF635968 HQ687768) | stem | MJ | [22,31,47] | |
SmGGPPS1 (FJ643617 FJ178784) | leaf | NaCl, wounding, high temperature, darkness, pathogen, MJ, ABA, SA and GA, Act12, Ag+ | [17,35,38,48,49,50] | |
SmGGPPS2 (JN831112) | root stele | [31] | ||
SmGGPPS3 (JN831113) | ubiquitous | [31] | ||
SmCPS1 (EU003997) | root cortex | Ag+, MJ, YE | [35,51,52] | |
SmCPS2 (JN831114) | leaf | [31,53] | ||
SmCPS3 (JN831115) | stem | [31,53] | ||
SmCPS4 (JN831120) | sepal | [31,53] | ||
SmCPS5 (JN831121) | stem | MJ | [31,53] | |
SmKSL1 (EF635966) | root | Ag+, MJ | [35,51,53] | |
SmKSL2 (JN831119) | root xylem | [31,53] | ||
CYP76AH1 (JX422213) | root | Ag+ | [27,35] | |
CYP76s (KR140168) (KR140169) | root | Ag+ | [54] | |
SmCPR1(FR693803) | [27,55] | |||
SmCPR2(JX848592) | [27] |
4. Biosynthesis of Phenolic Acids in S. miltiorrhiza
Gene (Genbank No.) | Highest Expression Sites | Elicitor | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
SmPAL1 (EF462460) | root, leaf | ABA, wounding and dehydration, PEG, MJ, SA, Ca2+, GA, ethylene | [66,67,68,71,72,73,74,75] |
SmPAL2 (GQ249111) | stem, flower | PEG and MJ | [66,68,71] |
SmPAL3 (KF220569) | rootleaf | PEG and MJ | [66,71] |
SmC4H1 (EF377337 DQ355979) | root, stem | MJ, ABA, UV-B, Ag+ | [35,71,76,77] |
SmC4H2 (KF220564) | stem, root | [71] | |
Sm4CL1 (AY237163) | leaf | MJ, YE | [69,70] |
Sm4CL2 (AY237164) | root | MJ, YE, Ag+ | [35,69,70,71] |
Sm4CL3 (KF220556) | root | MJ | [71] |
Sm4CL-like1 (KF220557) | root | MJ | [71] |
Sm4CL-like2 (KF220558) | MJ | [71] | |
Sm4CL-like3 (KF220559) | [71] | ||
Sm4CL-like4 (KF220560) | root | [71] | |
Sm4CL-like5 (KF220561) | [71] | ||
Sm4CL-like6 (KF220562) | MJ | [71] | |
Sm4CL-like7 (KF220563) | [71] | ||
SmTAT1 (DQ334606 EF192320) | stem | MJ, ABA, SA, UV-B, GA, ethylene, Ag+, YE | [35,65,72,74,78] |
SmTAT2 (KF220575) | flower | MJ | [71] |
SmTAT3 (KF220555) | Stem, root | [71] | |
SmHPPR1 (DQ099741 DQ266514 EF458148) | stemflower | MJ, SA, GA3, ABA, UV-B, Ag+ | [35,71,79] |
SmHPPR2 (KF220565) | Stem,leaf | [71] | |
SmHPPR3 (KF220566) | stem | [71] | |
SmHPPR4 (KF220567) | [80] | ||
SmRAS-Like (GU647199) | stem | Pseudomonas lachrymans, MJ, light, and SA | [81] |
SmRAS1 (FJ906696) | root | MJ, Ag+ | [15,35] |
SmHCT1 (KF220570) | root | [71] | |
SmHCT2 (KF220571) | stem | [71] | |
SmHCT3 (KF220572) | stem | MJ | [71] |
SmHCT4 (KF220573) | stem | MJ | [71] |
SmHCT5 (KF220574) | stem | MJ | [71] |
CYP98A14 (HQ316179) | root | MJ, Ag+ | [15,35] |
5. Biotechnological Applications
6. Perspectives
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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- Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors.
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Ma, X.-H.; Ma, Y.; Tang, J.-F.; He, Y.-L.; Liu, Y.-C.; Ma, X.-J.; Shen, Y.; Cui, G.-H.; Lin, H.-X.; Rong, Q.-X.; et al. The Biosynthetic Pathways of Tanshinones and Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Molecules 2015, 20, 16235-16254. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200916235
Ma X-H, Ma Y, Tang J-F, He Y-L, Liu Y-C, Ma X-J, Shen Y, Cui G-H, Lin H-X, Rong Q-X, et al. The Biosynthetic Pathways of Tanshinones and Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Molecules. 2015; 20(9):16235-16254. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200916235
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Xiao-Hui, Ying Ma, Jin-Fu Tang, Ya-Li He, Yu-Chen Liu, Xiao-Jing Ma, Ye Shen, Guang-Hong Cui, Hui-Xin Lin, Qi-Xian Rong, and et al. 2015. "The Biosynthetic Pathways of Tanshinones and Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza" Molecules 20, no. 9: 16235-16254. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200916235