Production and Characterization of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions Containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract as Moisturizing Agent
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Nanoemulsion Formulations
2.2. Preliminary Stability Tests
Parameters | FX | FXE |
---|---|---|
After 24 h | ||
Centrifugation | N | N |
pH value | 5.62 ± 0.04 | 5.53 ± 0.02 |
Electrical conductivity (µS/cm) | 676.0 ± 3.0 * | 689.4 ± 4.7 * |
Droplet size (nm) | 142.6 ± 2.3 * | 139.1 ± 2.8 * |
PDI | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.01 |
Zeta potential (mV) | −38.10 ± 1.69 * | −42.98 ± 0.88 |
After TS | ||
pH value | N/A | N/A |
Electrical conductivity (µS/cm) | N/A | N/A |
Droplet size (nm) | N/A | N/A |
PDI | N/A | N/A |
Zeta potential (mV) | N/A | N/A |
After FDC | ||
pH value | 5.55 ± 0.05 | 5.49 ± 0.01 |
Electrical conductivity (µS/cm) | 457.7 ± 33.6 * | 510.7 ± 3.1 * |
Droplet size (nm) | 160.6 ± 3.3 * | 148.8 ± 1.6 * |
PDI | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.01 |
Zeta potential (mV) | −47.01 ± 1.64 * | −42.58 ± 0.99 |
2.3. Accelerated Stability Tests
FX | FXE | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial 24 h | After 60 Days | Initial 24 h | After 60 Days | |||||
4 °C | 25 °C | 45 °C | 4 °C | 25 °C | 45 °C | |||
Macroscopic characteristics | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
pH | 5.67 ± 0.03 | 5.68 ± 0.03 | 5.62 ± 0.03 * | 5.42 ± 0.02 * | 5.62 ± 0.02 | 5.63 ± 0.02 | 5.56 ± 0.02 * | 5.32 ± 0.21 * |
Particle size (nm) | 126.3 ± 5.9 | 136.5 ± 10.8 | 185.9 ± 52.4 * | 117.9 ± 8.8 | 119.0 ± 7.4 | 121.6 ± 8.8 | 233.6 ± 30.1 * | 92.17 ± 6.1 * |
PDI | 0.264 ± 0.030 | 0.231 ± 0.071 | 0.349 ± 0.052 | 0.260 ± 0.020 | 0.257 ± 0.038 | 0.251 ± 0.020 | 0.305 ± 0.126 | 0.228 ± 0.044 |
Zeta potential (mV) | −28.60 ± 10.33 | −44.35 ± 4.07 * | −36.53 ± 12.94 | −43.28 ± 4.72 * | −26.71 ± 6.67 | −41.71 ± 4.55 * | −39.77 ± 5.99 * | −41.21 ± 6.02 * |
2.4. Evaluation of in Vivo Moisturizing Properties
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
BASAL | 6.06 ± 1.71 | 6.40 ± 1.60 | 6.91 ± 1.09 | 9.06 ± 2.24 |
T1 | 6.47 ± 1.70 | 6.49 ±1.88 | 7.57 ± 1.67 | 8.13 ± 1.78 |
T2 | 6.95 ± 2.21 | 6.74 ± 1.34 | 6.66 ± 1.88 | 7.66 ± 2.04 |
T3 | 7.10 ± 1.47 | 6.87 ± 1.36 | 7.48 ± 1.60 | 8.31 ± 2.34 |
T4 | 7.00 ± 1.80 | 7.15 ± 1.53 | 6.85 ± 1.85 | 7.74 ± 2.06 |
T5 | 7.37 ± 2.36 | 7.16 ± 2.21 | 7.55 ± 2.32 | 8.38 ± 2.57 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract
3.3. Preparation and Formulations
COMPONENTS | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | FX | FXE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BHT | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride | 2.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Ethylhexyl Palmitate | 2.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
C12–15 Alkyl Benzoate | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Paraffinum Liquidum | 5.0 | 10.0 | 20.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 7.5 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Phenoxyethanol (and) Caprylic Glycol | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Sorbitan Oleate | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
Polysorbate 80 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
Disodium EDTA | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Xanthan Gum | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extract | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.0 |
Distilled Water | 78.8 | 68.8 | 48.8 | 83.8 | 88.8 | 83.8 | 78.8 | 90.8 | 78.3 | 77.3 |
3.4. Preliminary Stability Tests
3.5. Accelerated Stability Tests
3.6. Evaluation of Mosturizing Eficacy in Vivo
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ribeiro, R.C.d.A.; Barreto, S.M.A.G.; Ostrosky, E.A.; Rocha-Filho, P.A.d.; Veríssimo, L.M.; Ferrari, M. Production and Characterization of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions Containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract as Moisturizing Agent. Molecules 2015, 20, 2492-2509. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20022492
Ribeiro RCdA, Barreto SMAG, Ostrosky EA, Rocha-Filho PAd, Veríssimo LM, Ferrari M. Production and Characterization of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions Containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract as Moisturizing Agent. Molecules. 2015; 20(2):2492-2509. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20022492
Chicago/Turabian StyleRibeiro, Renato Cesar de Azevedo, Stella Maria Andrade Gomes Barreto, Elissa Arantes Ostrosky, Pedro Alves da Rocha-Filho, Lourena Mafra Veríssimo, and Márcio Ferrari. 2015. "Production and Characterization of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions Containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract as Moisturizing Agent" Molecules 20, no. 2: 2492-2509. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20022492